Table 3.

Technological, institutional, and individual barriers toward virtual learning among medical students

Number	Item	Strongly disagree, n (%)	Disagree, n (%)	Agree, n (%)	Strongly agree, n (%)
Technological barrier
T1	It is difficult to procure the laptop for online learning	39 (24.7)	58 (36.7)	40 (25.3)	21 (13.3)
T2	I face difficulty because of slow internet issue	12 (7.6)	41 (25.9)	46 (29.1)	59 (37.3)
T5	I am using online technology but get very stressed while doing so	18 (11.4)	35 (22.2)	46 (29.1)	59 (37.3)
Institutional barrier
I1	I find limited opportunity to interact with lecturers	17 (10.8)	31 (19.6)	45 (28.5)	65 (41.1)
I2	I feel lecturers have inadequate technological skills	16 (10.1)	50 (31.6)	49 (31.0)	43 (27.2)
I3	I feel there is lack of timely feedback from lecturers	22 (13.9)	51 (32.3)	39 (24.7)	46 (29.1)
I4	I feel that there is poor communication between lecturers and students	13 (8.2)	46 (29.1)	54 (34.2)	45 (28.5)
I6	As lectures are continuous, I get stress to join from one lecture to another lecture	15 (9.5)	23 (14.6)	49 (31.0)	71 (44.9)
I8	Class size is not right for online learning	43 (27.2)	52 (32.9)	23 (14.6)	40 (25.3)
Individual barrier
D1	I cannot learn as well online as I can in the classroom	14 (8.9)	31 (19.6)	45 (28.5)	68 (43.0)
D2	I find no difference in learning by online or classroom	73 (46.2)	43 (27.2)	26 (16.5)	16 (10.1)
D3	I can learn better through online learning compared to being in classroom	68 (43.0)	47 (29.7)	27 (17.1)	16 (10.1)
D6	I do not get motivated for learning	7 (4.4)	34 (21.5)	39 (24.7)	78 (49.4)
D9	I have ability and confidence with online learning technology	12 (7.6)	47 (29.9)	62 (39.5)	1 (22.9)
D10	I feel online learning is effective	32 (20.4)	58 (36.9)	51 (32.5)	16 (10.2)
D11	I enjoy the online learning experience	19 (12.0)	58 (36.7)	53 (33.5)	28 (17.7)
D14	I will voluntarily take a future online course	40 (25.3)	52 (32.9)	44 (27.8)	22 (13.9)
D15	I will suggest others to take up online courses	60 (37.5)	39 (24.4)	45 (28.1)	16 (10.0)