Table 1.
Sample Demographics and Injury Characteristics (N = 1,877)
| u-mTBI (n = 1,011) No. (%) or M (SD) |
c-mTBI (n = 502) No. (%) or M (SD) |
Mod-Sev TBI (n = 126)3 No. (%) or M (SD) |
OTC (n = 238) No. (%) or M (SD) |
p-value2 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | |||||
| Age, y | 37.5 (15.6) | 45.7 (18.3) | 33.0 (13.5) | 39.8 (15.0) | <.001 |
| Sex (male) | 642 (63.5%) | 356 (70.9%) | 100 (79.4%) | 154 (64.7%) | <.001 |
| Race | <.001 | ||||
| White | 742 (73.4%) | 426 (84.9%) | 95 (75.4%) | 183 (76.9%) | |
| Black | 203 (20.1%) | 44 (8.8%) | 22 (17.5%) | 38 (16.0%) | |
| Other/unknown | 66 (6.5%) | 32 (6.4%) | 9 (7.1%) | 17 (7.1%) | |
| Hispanic ethnicity | 201 (19.9%) | 109 (21.7%) | 23 (18.3%) | 55 (23.1%) | .623 |
| Education, y | 13.5 (2.7) | 13.8 (3.2) | 13.0 (2.5) | 13.9 (2.9) | .001 |
| Psychiatric history1 | 243 (24.1%) | 94 (18.7%) | 27 (21.4%) | 59 (24.8%) | .096 |
| TBI history | 139 (16.2%) | 52 (11.8%) | 13 (12.3%) | 23 (10.8%) | .065 |
| Injury characteristics | |||||
| Cause of injury | <.001 | ||||
| Motor vehicle/traffic crash | 669 (66.2%) | 222 (44.2%) | 72 (57.1%) | 87 (36.6%) | |
| Fall | 203 (20.1%) | 180 (35.9%) | 30 (23.8%) | 82 (34.5%) | |
| Assault/violence | 47 (4.6%) | 51 (10.2%) | 12 (9.5%) | 2 (0.8%) | |
| Other/unknown | 92 (9.1%) | 49 (9.8%) | 12 (9.5%) | 67 (28.2%) | |
| Highest level of care | <.001 | ||||
| Emergency department | 390 (38.6%) | 44 (4.8%) | 4 (3.2%) | 93 (39.1%) | |
| Inpatient floor | 471 (46.6%) | 199 (39.6%) | 9 (7.1%) | 129 (54.2%) | |
| Intensive care unit | 150 (14.8%) | 259 (51.6%) | 113 (89.7%) | 16 (6.7%) | |
| Loss of consciousness2 | 846 (83.7%) | 405 (80.7%) | 112 (88.9%) | 0 (0.0%) | <.001 |
| Post-traumatic amnesia2 | 710 (70.2%) | 396 (78.9%) | 97 (77.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | <.001 |
Note. CT, computed tomography; GCS, admission Glasgow Coma Scale score; MCC, motorcycle crash; mTBI, mild traumatic brain injury; MVC, motor vehicle crash; OTC, orthopedic trauma control; TBI, traumatic brain injury
1
Psychiatric history reflected any self-reported pre-injury history of treatment for a psychiatric condition.
2
Yes and Suspected categories collapsed
3
n = 50 TBI patients had GCS 9–12; n = 76 had GCS 3–8