Figure 1.

Z-score heatmap comparing relative expression levels of different soluble factors detected in plasma among HC and 3 types of MS. Expression levels of 8 significantly different (P < .05) plasma soluble factors detected using Luminex and analyzed with Kruskal–Wallis test comparing HC, RRMS, BMS, and SPMS are displayed after Z-transformation. HC (n = 5), RRMS (n = 8), BMS (n = 12), and SPMS (n = 33). Hierarchical clustering of soluble factors and patient groups was completed in R using divisive clustering methodology (DIANA) from the cluster package.