Table 2.
Significantly Different Plasma Cytokine/Chemokine/Growth Factor Levels Among Different Types of Multiple Sclerosis and Healthy Controls.
| Analyte | Kruskal–Wallis test | Median (25%–75% range) | Dunn’s multiple × comparison (P value) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HC vs | RRMS vs | BMS | |||||||||
| P value | HC | RRMS | BMS | SPMS | RRMS | BMS | SPMS | BMS | SPMS | SPMS | |
| EGF | <.0001 | 18.30 (6.965–29.50) | 20.63 (6.528–43.17) | 44.10 (17.78–73.24) | 113.5 (80.51–209.7) | >.9999 | .8213 | .007 | .8429 | .0016 | .1371 |
| sCD40L | .0009 | 925.4 (471.1–1468) | 324.32 (199.4–421.8) | 384.6 (125.2–586.14) | 2416 (587.4–5107) | >.9999 | >.9999 | >.9999 | >.9999 | .0053 | .014 |
| MCP1/CCL2 | .0029 | 501.5 (392.1–583.1) | 311.4 (263.1–359.8) | 440.3 (359.1–598.8) | 554.7 (442.5–700.3) | .3841 | >.9999 | >.9999 | .2976 | .0016 | .6333 |
| Fractalkine/CX3CL1 | .0128 | 34.62 (18.31–84.08) | 65.85 (39.40–105.0) | 183.2 (80.28–337.9) | 147.4 (72.97–263.3) | >.9999 | .0666 | .046 | .3523 | .2689 | >.9999 |
| IL-13 | .0358 | .525 (.525–4.075) | .13 (.13–47.66) | 54.98 (.525–253.7) | 15.75 (.525–168.0) | >.9999 | .4602 | .841 | .0776 | .1354 | >.9999 |
| Eotaxin | .0360 | 476.8 (394.7–1067) | 201.9 (165.6–481.6) | 423.5 (291.6–778.9) | 598.8 (334.9–888.2) | .1676 | >.9999 | >.9999 | .9355 | .0427 | >.9999 |
| IL-12p40/IL12B | .0420 | .95 (.95–2.14) | .3550 (.19–60.21) | 36.22 (4.76–152.70) | .95 (.95–87.14) | >.9999 | .3291 | >.9999 | .0616 | .3292 | >.9999 |
| TNFβ/LTα | .0482 | .475 (.475–18.08) | .115 (.115–14.10) | 54.23 (.475–400.9) | 8.70 (.475–298.5) | >.9999 | >.9999 | >.9999 | .0583 | .1182 | >.9999 |
Plasma derived from HC (n = 5), patients with RRMS (n = 8), BMS (n = 12), and SPMS (n = 32) were analyzed using Luminex kit from Millipore. Kruskal–Wallis test and multiple comparison with Dunn’s modification between different groups were performed. Median of plasma concentration (pg/mL) is presented followed by 25–75% range in the brackets.