Focus	Research questions	Related issues
Mortality	What was the mortality rate of patients with ANCA-associated vasculitis during the pandemic in comparison to the years before (at a population-based level)? How does COVID-19 related mortality change over time?	Reporting bias towards more severe cases may likely overestimate the mortality rate. Better prognosis due to optimised COVID-19 management strategies such as dexamethasone, understanding the effect of tocilizumab, casirivimab/imdevimab, and others.
Diagnosis/Diagnostic delay	How can referral strategies be maintained or telemedicine options improved to reduce the burden of damage attributable to a diagnostic delay?
Risk factors	What are specific risk factors for worse disease outcome?	Consider age groups, chronic kidney disease, time elapsed from initial diagnosis/relapse to COVID-19, specific treatment approaches.
Long COVID	What are sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infections? What is the impact on pre-existing damage/reduced quality of life of patients with ANCA-associated vasculitis?
Induction treatment	What is the optimal approach to a patient with active ANCA-associated vasculitis and concomitant COVID-19?	Consideration on optimal induction treatment in a pandemic situation (e.g less rituximab)?
Maintenance treatment	What is the optimal approach to a patient with ANCA-associated vasculitis in remission? What is the optimal approach to achieve a vaccine response (humoral/cellular immunity) “preparedness”?	Consider to reduce hospital visits. Consider measures to reduce the risk of disease relapse and intensification of immunosuppressive therapy (e.g., implementation of a hotline/e-mail address with daily response options). Evaluate safety to discontinue / postpone maintenance therapy (e.g. postpone rituximab by 3 months or guide according to CD19+ B-cells).