Effects of WSHM on root colonization (A) and the viability in soil (B) of S. fredii CCBAU45436. R, cells cultured in YM broth; R+WSHM, cells cultured in YM broth and coinoculation with WSHM; R’, cells cultured in YM broth supplied with WSHM. The shapes represent two independent experiments in panel A. Significant difference between the mean of control and the corresponding value of WSHM treatment is indicated. Wilcoxon rank-sum test (A) or t test (B): *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001.