Table 4.
Weighted Means for Multivariate Analysis Variables for Population and by Second-Order Latent Classes
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| Population | Healthful concordant (19%) | Healthful but TV/outdoors/junk food (17%) | Discordant (30%) | Unfavorable concordant (17%) | Unfavorable low cost (17%) | |
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| Controls (Wave 1) | ||||||
| Age Wave 1 (months) | 10.46 | 10.42 | 10.49 | 10.42 | 10.60* | 10.45 |
| Male° | 0.51 | 0.48* | 0.48* | 0.53 | 0.53 | 0.52 |
| Birthweight: Normal° | 0.92 | 0.93 | 0.94 | 0.92 | 0.92 | 0.92 |
| Low° | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.05 | 0.07 | 0.07 | 0.07 |
| Very low°● | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 |
| Birth order | 2.04 | 1.86* | 1.97* | 2.07 | 2.09 | 2.23* |
| Cognitive score | 0.19 | 0.23 | 0.23 | 0.18 | 0.24 | 0.11* |
| Behavior score● | 0.11 | 0.09 | 0.15 | 0.11 | 0.09 | 0.08 |
| Very good/excellent health° | 0.88 | 0.93* | 0.90* | 0.87* | 0.87* | 0.87* |
| Asthma° | 0.05 | 0.04* | 0.04* | 0.05 | 0.06 | 0.08* |
| Social Background (Wave 1) | ||||||
| Race: Non-Hispanic White° | 0.54 | 0.75* | 0.72* | 0.46* | 0.42* | 0.38* |
| Non-Hispanic Black° | 0.14 | 0.05* | 0.07* | 0.13 | 0.28* | 0.22* |
| Hispanic° | 0.25 | 0.14* | 0.14* | 0.34* | 0.23 | 0.34* |
| Non-Hispanic other°● | 0.07 | 0.07 | 0.07 | 0.08 | 0.08 | 0.06 |
| Foreign-bom mother° | 0.19 | 0.16* | 0.11* | 0.25* | 0.14* | 0.24* |
| Teen parent° | 0.13 | 0.03 | 0.06 | 0.14 | 0.19 | 0.22 |
| Grandmother education (years) | 11.42 | 13.01 | 12.63 | 10.93 | 10.90 | 9.91 |
| Resources (Wave 1) | ||||||
| Household members under 18 | 2.14 | 1.88* | 2.00* | 2.18 | 2.23* | 2.42* |
| Grandparent in residence° | 0.16 | 0.04* | 0.11* | 0.19* | 0.21* | 0.23* |
| No parenting help/advice° | 0.11 | 0.09 | 0.13 | 0.11 | 0.11 | 0.12 |
| Father in residence° | 0.80 | 0.95 | 0.89 | 0.80 | 0.67 | 0.68 |
| Mother’s education (years) | 13.21 | 15.19 | 14.40 | 12.79 | 12.27 | 11.51 |
| Income-to-needs ratio | 2.85 | 4.91 | 3.92 | 2.29 | 1.93 | 1.41 |
| Asset scale | 0.68 | 0.85 | 0.82 | 0.65 | 0.58 | 0.52 |
| Receipt of food stamps° | 0.20 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.20 | 0.33 | 0.35 |
| Mother’s paid work: None° | 0.47 | 0.41* | 0.43* | 0.48 | 0.42* | 0.58* |
| Part-time° | 0.26 | 0.31* | 0.32* | 0.23* | 0.27 | 0.19* |
| Full-time° | 0.27 | 0.28 | 0.25 | 0.29 | 0.31* | 0.23* |
| Mother health behaviors (Wave 1) | ||||||
| Smokes° | 0.19 | 0.05 | 0.11 | 0.21 | 0.28 | 0.29 |
| Binge drinks°● | 0.09 | 0.07 | 0.09 | 0.09 | 0.10 | 0.08 |
| BMI | 26.93 | 25.27 | 26.20 | 27.29 | 27.92 | 27.96 |
| Parenting measures (Wave 1) | ||||||
| NCATS | 34.64 | 36.27 | 35.55 | 34.21 | 33.81 | 33.47 |
| HOME scale | 0.08 | 0.37 | 0.33 | 0.01 | −0.18 | −0.10 |
| Do not pick up crying child | 0.35 | 0.18 | 0.23 | 0.37 | 0.48 | 0.52 |
| Parenting knowledge score | 5.09 | 5.92 | 5.71 | 4.90 | 4.67 | 4.30 |
| Outcomes (Wave K) | ||||||
| Reading | −0.02 | 0.46 | 0.23 | −0.13 | −0.17 | −0.47 |
| Math | 0.01 | 0.55 | 0.30 | −0.12 | −0.18 | −0.45 |
| Parent-reported behavior | 0.07 | 0.37 | 0.21 | 0.09 | −0.17 | −0.20 |
| Teacher-reported behavior | 0.03 | 0.29 | 0.22 | −0.03 | −0.12 | −0.18 |
| Very good/excellent health° | 0.87 | 0.94 | 0.91 | 0.87 | 0.83 | 0.78 |
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Source: ECLS-B Notes: Accounts for complex survey design. N≈6,550.
°
1=yes, 0=no.
●
No means were significantly different from sample mean. Gray=significantly more favorable than sample mean, red=significantly less favorable than sample mean, white=not significantly different from sample mean for that indicator.
*
Significantly different from sample mean for rows not color coded.