TABLE 5.

Characteristics of patients with COVID-19 with and without coinfections in a tertiary care hospital in India from 2020 to 2021^a

Characteristic	Value for group		P value
	Patients with no coinfections (n = 101)	Patients with coinfections (n = 90)
Median age (yrs) (range)	50 (15–85)	50 (17–86)	0.846
No. (%) of male patients	72 (67.9)	65 (72.2)	0.886
No. (%) of patients with concurrent condition	70 (69.3)	70 (77.8)	0.187
Hypertension	29 (28.7)	35 (38.9)	0.137
Diabetes mellitus	27 (26.7)	34 (37.7)	0.102
Renal disease	14 (13.8)	21 (23.3)	0.091
Cardiovascular disease	15 (14.8)	14 (15.5)	0.892
No. (%) of patients with sign(s) or symptom
Fever	88 (87.1)	81 (90)	0.535
Cough	62 (61.3)	53 (58.8)	0.725
Dyspnea	57 (56.4)	55 (61.1)	0.513
Confusion	17 (16.8)	19 (21.1)	0.45
Headache	7 (6.9)	7 (7.7)	0.823
Myalgia	10 (9.9)	13 (14.4)	0.336
Abdominal pain or diarrhea	9 (8.9)	10 (11.1)	0.612
Positive chest radiography findings	51/60 (85)	45/51 (88.24)	0.619
Bilateral infiltrations	37/60 (61.7)	28/51 (54.9)	0.471
Pulmonary consolidations	7/60 (11.7)	9/51 (17.6)	0.371
Pleural effusions		3/51 (5.9)	0.094
Laboratory parameters
No. (%) of patients with abnormal hemoglobinb	75 (74.2)	73 (81.1)	0.198
No. (%) of patients with leukocytosisc	48 (47.5)	43 (47.8)	0.913
No. (%) of patients with lymphopeniad	77 (76.2)	60 (66.7)	0.321
No. (%) of patients with thrombocytopeniae	32 (31.7)	40 (44.4)	0.060
No. (%) of patients with elevated ASTf	56 (55.4)	54 (60)	0.358
No. (%) of patients with elevated ALTg	41 (40.6)	39 (43.3)	0.512
No. (%) of patients with elevated C-reactive protein (>6 mg/dl)	40/93 (43)	40/73 (54.7)	0.132
No. (%) of patients with elevated procalcitonin (>0.1 ng/ml)	40/61 (65.5)	36/48 (75)	0.288
No. (%) of patients with abnormal IL-6h	62/78 (79.5)	61/70 (87.1)	0.215
No. (%) of patients with abnormal blood urea nitrogeni	43 (42.6)	44 (48.8)	0.375
No. (%) of patients with abnormal creatininej	36 (35.6)	54 (60)	0.001
Median total leukocyte count (103 cells/μl) (range)	10.7 (2.82–30.2)	10.96 (4–38.6)	0.707
Median platelet count (103 cells/μl) (range)	188 (10–484)	158 (7–449)	0.044
Median C-reactive protein level (mg/dl) (range)	3 (0.021–25)	6.9 (0.085–37)	0.025
Median procalcitonin level (ng/ml) (range)	0.24 (0.01–100)	0.8 (0.01–100)	0.097
No. (%) of patients with disease severity
Asymptomatic	9 (8.9)	3 (3.3)	0.338
Mild	32 (31.7)	25 (27.7)
Moderate	20 (19.8)	19 (21.1)
Severe/critical	40 (39.6)	43 (47.8)
In-hospital complications and outcomes
No. (%) of patients who required ventilatory support	47 (46.5)	52 (57.7)	0.121
No. (%) of patients who required ICU admission	69 (68.3)	70 (77.7)	0.143
Median duration of hospital stay (days) (range)	13 (1–35)	14 (1–46)	0.332
No. (%) of patients with ARDS	47 (46.5)	49 (54.4)	0.275
No. (%) of patients with shock	24 (23.7)	28 (31.1)	0.291
No. (%) of patients who died	33 (32.6)	36 (40)	0.307

^aALT, alanine aminotransferase; ARDS, acute respiratory distress syndrome; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; ICU, intensive care unit; IL-6, interleukin-6. Boldface type indicates statistical significance.

^bReference values are 12 to 15 g/dl for men and 13 to 17 g/dl for women.

^cThe reference range is 4 × 10³ to 11 × 10³ cells/μl.

^dThe reference range is 20 to 40%.

^eThe reference range is 150 × 10³ to 400 × 10³ cells/μl.

^fThe reference range is 5 to 40 U/liter.

^gThe reference range is 5 to 42 U/liter.

^hThe reference range is 5 to 15 pg/ml.

ⁱThe reference range is 10 to 50 mg/dl.

^jThe reference range is 0.5 to 1.2 mg/dl.