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. 2021 Aug 11;9(1):10.1128/spectrum.00599-21. doi: 10.1128/spectrum.00599-21

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Copyright © 2021 Zhang et al.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license.

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FIG 5 — Changes in the developmental duration of housefly larvae treated with sterile water and sterile water containing 10⁸ PFU/ml bacteriophage. (A) Body weight (ANOVA, main effect of time, F_3,66 = 1,196 and P < 0.0001; main effect of diet, F_1,22 = 567.0 and P < 0.0001; n = 12; time × diet interaction, F_3,66 = 54.54 and P < 0.0001) and (B) body length (ANOVA, main effect of time, F_3,66 = 2,803 and P < 0.0001; main effect of diet, F_1,22 = 395.8 and P < 0.0001; n = 12; time × diet interaction, F_3,66 = 68.24 and P < 0.0001) significantly changed over time in housefly larvae with different treatments. The pupation rates (C) and eclosion rates (D) of housefly larvae were significantly different in the treatment groups. Ctca and Ppca represent housefly larvae samples treated with a sterile water diet and sterile water containing 10⁸ PFU/ml bacteriophage that was replaced every 24 h, respectively. Data are shown as the mean ± SEM. Repeated measures ANOVA was followed by a Sidak correction for multiple comparisons; *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001.