Table 2.
Studies and experimental procedures investigating the modulation of visual representations by different types of attention in humans
| Feature | Method/Task | Presaccadic attentior | Covert endogenous attention | Covert exogenous attention |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||
| Orientation gain | reverse correlation | ✓Li, Barbot & Carrasco, 2016 [18] | ✓Paltoglou & Neri, 2012 [52] | ✓Fernández, Li & Carrasc 2019 [54] |
| ✓Ohl, Kuper & Rolfs, 2017 [50] | ✓Wyart, Nobre & Summerfield, 2012 [53] | ✓Fernández, Okun & Carrasco, 2021 [55] | ||
| masking | ✓Baldassi & Bergheese, 2005 [51] | ✓Fernández, Okun & Carrasco, 2021 [55] | ||
|
| ||||
| Orientation tuning width | reverse correlation | ✓Li, Barbot & Carrasco, 2016 [18] | ✗Paltoglou & Neri, 2012 [52] | ✗Fernández, Li & Carrasc 2019 [54] |
| ✓Ohl, Kuper & Rolfs, 2017 [50] | ✗Wyart, Nobre & Summerfield, 2012 [53] | ✗Fernández, Okun & Carrasco, 2021 [55] | ||
| masking | ✗Baldassi & Verghese, 2005 [51] | ✗Fernández, Okun & Carrasco, 2021 [55] | ||
|
| ||||
| Enhancement of high spatial frequency | texture segmentation | ✗Jigo & Carrasco, 2018 [63] | ✓Yeshurun & Carrasco, 1998 [58] | |
| ✓Yeshurun & Carrasco, 2000 [75] | ||||
| ✓Talgar & Carrasco, 2002 [61] | ||||
| ✓Yeshurun & Carrasco, 2008 [60] | ||||
| texture segmentation + adaptation | ✗Barbot & Carrasco, 2018 [62] | ✓Carrasco, Loula & Ho, 2006 [59] | ✓Jigo & Carrasco, 2018 [63] | |
| reverse correlation | ✓Li, Barbot & Carrasco, 2016 [18] | ✗Fernández, Okun & Carrasco, 2021 [55] | ✓Fernández, Okun & Carrasco, 2021 [55] | |
| masking | ✓Li, Pan & Carrasco, 2019 [47] | ✗ Talgar, Pelli & Carrasco 2000 [103] | ||
| orientation discrimination | ✓Kroell & Rolfs, 2021 [57] | ✗Jigo & Carrasco, 2020 [64] | ✓Jigo & Carrasco, 2020 [64] | |
|
| ||||
| Contrast appearance | comparative judgement (PSE) + orientation discrimination | ✓Rolfs & Carrasco, 2012 [15] | ✓Liu, Abrams & Carrasco 2009 [74] | ✓Carrasco, Ling & Read, 2004 [66] |
| ✓Ling & Carrasco, 2007 [67] | ||||
| ✓Carrasco, Fuller & Ling, 2008 [68] | ||||
| ✓Störmer, McDonald & Hillyard, 2009 [69] | ||||
| ✓Anton-Erxleben, Abrams Carrasco, 2010 [70] | ||||
| ✓Cutrone, Heeger & Carrasco, 2014 [71] | ||||
| ✓Barbot & Carrasco, 2018 [72] | ||||
| ✓Zhou, Buetti, Lu & Cai, 2018 [73] | ||||
|
| ||||
| Contrast response function | orientation discrimination | + Li, Pan & Carrasco, 2021 [49] | * Ling & Carrasco, 2006 [81] | + Ling & Carrasco, 2006 [81] |
| * Pestilli, Ling & Carrascc 2009 [83] | + Pestilli, Viera & Carrasco, 2007 [82] | |||
| * or + : size dependent Herrmann et al., 2010 [84] | + Pestilli, Ling & Carrasco, 2009 [83] | |||
| ◆ Li, Pan & Carrasco, 2021 [49] | * or + : size dependent Herrmann et al., 2010 [84] | |||
| + Fernández & Carrasco, 2020 [104] | ||||
| ◆Li, Pan & Carrasco, 2021 [49] | ||||
| contrast discrimination | + Morrone, Denti & Spinelli, 2002 [78] | |||
| + Morrone, Denti & Spinelli, 2004 [79] | ||||
| ◆ Huang & Dobkins, 2005 [80] | ||||
✓
the feature modulation indicated in the first column is observed
✗
the feature modulation indicated in the first column is not observed
*
Contrast gain
+
Response gain
◆
Mixture of both contrast gain and response gain