Table 2.
Non-coding rnas sequencing after SCI
| Category | Reference | Method | Species | Group | Sample size (n) | Bio-sample | Time of sampling | Key mirnas | Role in SCI |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| miRNAs | Hachisuka et al., 2014 | Taqman low-density array analysis | Mouse | Normal (without surgery); sham (laminectomy only); mild (50 kdyn); severe (70 kdyn) | 1 | Serum | 12 h after SCI | mir-9*, mir-219 and mir-384-5p | Positively related with SCI severity |
| Tigchelaar et al., 2017 | Next-generation sequencing | Female Yucatan miniature pigs | Sham (laminectomy only); mild (10 cm of 50 g weight); moderate (20 cm of 50 g weight); severe (40 cm of 50 g weight) | 4 | CSF and serum | 15 min before injury; 1, 3, and 5 d after injury | 58, 21, 9 and 7 altered mirnas were identified in severe, moderate, mild SCI and sham surgery groups | Overall mirna expression at 1 and 3 d post injury was strongly correlated with SCI outcome | |
| Ding et al., 2019 | Next-generation sequencing | Rat | Sham (laminectomy only); SCI (120 kdyn) | 3 | Serum exosomes | 6 h after injury | mir-125b-5p, mir-152-3p, and mir-130a-3p | Acute SCI diagnosis | |
| Ding et al., 2020 | Next-generation sequencing | Rat | Sham (laminectomy only); SCI (120 kdyn) | 3 | Serum exosomes | 7 d after injury | mir-485, mir-30b, mir-26b, mir-23b, mir-223, mir-21, mir-211, mir-200c, mir-195, mir-17, mir-133a, mir-125b-1, mir-124, mir-103, mir-672 and mir-15b | Subacute SCI diagnosis | |
| LncRNAs | Ding et al., 2016 | Microarray analysis | Mouse | Five groups (sham operation, 1 3 d after injury, 1 and 3 wk after injury) | 3 | Spinal cord | At 1 and 3 d, 1 and 3 wk after injury | 345, 502, 891, and 181 lncRNAs were differentially expressed at 1, 3, 7, and 21 d after injury; 458, 1073, 2177 and 850 mRNAs were differentially expressed at 1, 3, 7, and 21 d after injury | Lncrnas and mirnas expression peaked 1 wk after SCI |
| Duran et al., 2017 | RNA sequencing | Rat | Four groups (sham operation, 1, 3 and 6 mon after SCI), 150 kdyn | 3 | Spinal cord | At 1, 3 and 6 mon after injury | 2935, 3981 and 3206 protein-coding genes were differentially expressed at 1, 3 and 6 mon after injury; 137, 239 and 179 lncRNAs was differentially expressed at 1, 3 and 6 mon after injury. | Sub-chronic and chronic stages of SCI | |
| Zhou et al., 2018 | Microarray analysis | Rat | Control (without surgery); SCI group (10 g × 50 mm) | 9 | Spinal cord | 2 h after SCI | 772 lncRNAs and 992 mRNAs were differentially expressed | Immediate phase of SCI | |
| Shi et al., 2019 | Microarray analysis | Rat | Control (without surgery); SCI group (10 g × 50 mm) | 9 | Spinal cord | 2 d after SCI | 3193 lncRNAs and 4308 mRNAs were differentially expressed | Early acute phase of SCI |
1 dyn = 10–5 N. CSF: Cerebrospinal fluid; lncRNAs: long-coding RNAs; miRNAs: microRNAs; SCI: spinal cord injury.