Table 3.

Risk factors for infectious complications after retrograde intrarenal surgery and their significance in univariate and multivariate analysis

	Zhong et al. [7]	Fan et al. [8]	Berardinelli et al. [9]	Alezra et al. [10]	Xu et al. [11]	Li et al. [12]	Demir et al. [13]	Senocak et al. [14]	Baseskioglu et al. [15]	Mi et al. [16]	Baboudjian et al.17	Ozgor et al. [18]	Zhang et al. [19]	Peng et al. [20]	Jian et al. [21]	Kazan et al. [22]	Kim et al. [23]	MV+	UV+	No. of studies
Strong evidence
Operative time	–	!	–	+	!	!	!	+	–	!	!	!	!	+	!	!	–	10	13	17
Urine culture (+)		–		+	!	–		!	–	!	!		+	+	!	–	–	5	8	13
Stone size	!	+	–	+	+	!	+	+	–	!	+	–	!	+	+	–	–	4	11	17
Sex	+	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	!	–	–	!	–	–	–	2	3	17
Age	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	!	–	+	–	–	–	1	2	17
Diabetes		–	–			!	–	+		–	–	–	–		–	–		1	2	11
Body mass	–		–	–		–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–		–	–	–	0	0	15
Hydronephrosis	–	–	–			–	–	–		–		–	–		–	–		0	0	11
Lower pole stone	–		–	–		–	–	–			–	–	–		–	–		0	0	11
Moderate evidence
Urinalysis (+)				+		–							–	!	!	!	!	4	5	7
UTI history	–			+		–		–	!		!					!		3	4	7
UAS caliber	!		–					–		!					+	–		2	3	6
Stone composition	!	–	–			+						–		!				2	3	6
History of stone surgery		–		–		–	–	–			–	–	–		–	–		0	0	10
Solitary kidney	–		–				–				–	–	–		–	–		0	0	8
Preoperative JJ							–	–	–		–	–				–		0	0	6
Limited evidence
Irrigation rate	!				!													2	2	2
Antibiotics				!							+							1	2	2
Comorbidity score							!		+			–						1	2	3
Pelvic urine culture						+												0	1	1
Preoperative CRP						+									–			0	1	2
Stone culture						–												0	0	1

– insignificant; + – significant in univariate analysis; ! – significant in multivariate analysis; MV+ – number of studies showing significance in multivariate analysis; UV+ – number of studies showing significance in univariate analysis