Table 2.
Socioeconomic status variables among adult trauma patients by development of AKI in Malawi
| Total | AKI | No AKI | p-values | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Socioeconomic Status Variables | 223 | 32 (14.4) | 191 (85.7) | |
| Education (mean, std)a | ||||
| Patient | 6.6 (3.8) | 7.8 (3.6) | 6.4 (3.8) | 0.04 |
| Patient’s Mother | 3.8 (4.0) | 4.8 (4.7) | 3.7 (3.9) | 0.4 |
| Patient’s Father | 4.7 (4.4) | 4.9 (4.6) | 4.7 (4.3) | 0.9 |
| Patient’s Level of Educationa | 0.1 | |||
| Secondary or more (9 or more years) | 64 (28.7) | 14 (43.8) | 50 (26.2) | |
| Some primary (1–8 years) | 132 (59.2) | 16 (50.0) | 116 (60.7) | |
| No formal education | 16 (7.2) | 1 (3.1) | 15 (7.9) | |
| Crowding Factor (mean, std)b | 1.5 (0.8) | 1.4 (0.7) | 1.5 (0.8) | 0.5 |
| Type of Roofa | 0.2 | |||
| Homeless | 1 (0.4) | 0 (0) | 1 (0.5) | |
| Thatch | 73 (32.7) | 11 (34.4) | 62 (32.5) | |
| Tin/Iron | 141 (63.2) | 20 (62.5) | 121 (63.4) | |
| Tile | 7 (3.1) | 0 (0) | 7 (3.7) | |
| Type of Floor | 0.4 | |||
| Dirt/Mud | 103 (46.2) | 12 (37.5) | 91 (47.6) | |
| Concrete/Cement | 119 (53.4) | 20 (62.5) | 99 (51.8) | |
| Tile | 1 (0.5) | 0 (0) | 1 (0.5) | |
| Patient’s Parent(s) Deceasedc | ||||
| Mother | 86 (38.6) | 16 (50.0) | 70 (36.6) | 0.1 |
| Father | 115 (51.6) | 16 (50.0) | 99 (51.8) | 0.9 |
| Both | 69 (30.9) | 12 (37.5) | 57 (29.8) | 0.3 |
All expressed as n(column %) except where specified
a Missing variables for patient’s education (n = 11), mother’s education (n = 102), father’s education (n = 100), type of roof material (n = 1), whether or not parents’ deceased (n = 3)
b Crowding factor = number of permanent residents in a home divided by number of contiguous rooms in a housing unit
c exclusive (ie, if both parents deceased, individual also included in row of mother and father deceased)