Extended Data Fig. 5 |. Glial AP1 is required for TBI recovery.

a, Representative z-stacked whole mount brains focused on the central brain at 1 dpi in flies expressing a GFP-tagged variant of the AP1 target gene, Ets21c. Ets21c-GFP is detected in a handful of neurons at baseline but is dramatically upregulated in glia by 1 dpi (representative of n = 11–15 brains per condition, two independent experiments). b, Post-injury survival with (RU; dashed line) or without (vehicle; solid line) Ets21c-RNAi expressed in glia (n = 100 per condition, 5 vials of 20 flies; p < 0.0001, Kaplan-Meier analysis with log-rank comparison). c, Representative brain vacuolization at 1 dpi under sham and dTBI conditions, with (RU) or without (vehicle) JNK RNAi expression in glia. Quantification on right, expressed as % of total brain area that is vacuolized (each point = 1 brain; n = 9–10 brains per condition; two-way ANOVA revealed a non-significant interaction but a significant effect of dTBI, p = 6.1e-05). d, Representative brain vacuolization at 1 dpi under sham and dTBI conditions, with (RU) or without (vehicle) puckered expression in neurons. Quantification on right, expressed as % of total brain area that is vacuolized (each point = 1 brain; n = 18–19 brains per condition pooled from two independent experiments; two-way ANOVA revealed a non-significant interaction but a significant effect of dTBI, p = 3.55e-06).e, Post-injury survival with (RU; dashed line) or without (vehicle; solid line) puckered expression in neurons (n = 100 per condition, 5 vials of 20 flies; p < 0.0001, Kaplan-Meier analysis with log-rank comparison).

Black symbols, sham. Red symbols, severe dTBI. Statistical annotations are ****p<0.0001, ***p<0.001, **p<0.01, *p<0.05. All scale bars 100μm. See Supplementary Table 1 for genotypes.