Table 4.

Logistic regression of CAC status with arginine/proline metabolism, urea cycle, and bile-acid synthesis

Pathway	Unadjusteda		Adjusted for Demographics		Fully Adjusted
	OR (95% CI)	P	OR (95% CI)	P	OR (95% CI)	P
Arginine/proline metabolism	1.43 (1.06 to 1.92)	0.02	1.83 (1.06 to 3.15)	0.03	1.84 (1.04 to 3.27)	0.04
Urea cycle	1.93 (1.34 to 2.80)	<0.001	1.58 (0.93 to 2.69)	0.09	1.66 (0.94 to 2.91)	0.08
Bile-acid synthesis	0.99 (0.82 to 1.20)	0.92	1.09 (0.84 to 1.41)	0.51	1.64 (0.97 to 2.75)	0.06

Demographics included age, sex, and race. Full models were adjusted for demographics and statin use for arginine/proline metabolism and urea cycle pathways; for the bile-acid synthesis pathway, full models were adjusted for demographics; coronary artery disease; and use of calcium-based phosphate binder, RAAS blockade, and statin. CAC, coronary artery calcification; OR, odds ratio; RAAS, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.

^aPer 1 unit higher in the first principal component score of each pathway.