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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Oct 28.
Published in final edited form as: Adv Funct Mater. 2021 Feb 4;31(44):2009289. doi: 10.1002/adfm.202009289

Figure 13.

Figure 13.

The working principle of galvanic cells. a) The electrons flow from the oxidation reaction of anode to the reduction reaction of H+ (acidic physiological fluid) or O2 (neutral physiological fluid) at the cathode. b) Standard reduction potential (E0) of typical redox reactions at the anode and cathode.[345]