. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Oct 28.

Published in final edited form as: Adv Funct Mater. 2021 Feb 4;31(44):2009289. doi: 10.1002/adfm.202009289

Table 6.

The piezoelectric coefficient of most biological macromolecules.

Polymer	Piezoelectric coefficient [pC N]	References
Chitin	0.2–1.5	[250,256]
Amylose	2.0	[250]
Cellulose	0.2	[250]
Collagen	0.1–2	[250,257,258]
Elastin	1–54	[250,259,260]
Keratin	0.1–2	[250]
Fibrin	0.2	[250]
Silk fibroin	1–38	[246,261]
Gelatine	20	[262]
PHB	0.3–1.5	[263,264]