Table 2.
The changes in primary and secondary outcomes from pretreatment to discharge
| Outcome | QARP group (n=64) |
Standard therapies group (n=64) |
Between-group difference (95% CI) | P | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pre | Post | Difference | Pre | Post | Difference | |||
| mMRC | 2.9 (2.7, 3.1) | 1.0 (0.9, 1.1) | -1.8 (-2.1, 1.6)* | 2.7 (2.5, 2.8) | 1.1 (1.0, 1.3) | -1.5 (-1.7, 1.3)* | -0.3 (-0.6, 0.1)* | 0.018 |
| MBS | 5.5 (4.9, 6.1) | 1.7 (1.5, 1.9) | -3.7 (-4.3, 3.2)* | 5.3 (4.8, 5.8) | 2.3 (1.9, 2.6) | -3.1 (-3.5, 2.6)* | -0.7 (-1.3, 0.0)* | 0.045 |
| FS-14 | 7.6 (6.8, 8.4) | 3.8 (3.2, 4.4) | -3.8 (-4.8, 2.8)* | 7.2 (6.6, 7.9) | 3.5 (2.9, 4.0) | -3.8 (-4.7, 2.9)* | -0.03 (-0.7, 0.7) | 0.931 |
| PHQ-9 | 13.3 (12.0, 14.7) | 7.1 (6.2, 8.0) | -6.5 (-8.1, 5.0)* | 13.7 (12.3, 15.0) | 6.6 (5.6, 7.6) | -7.0 (-8.7, 5.4)* | 0.5 (-1.0, 2.1) | 0.492 |
| Temperature,°C | 37.5 (37.3, 37.8) | 36.5 (36.4, 36.6) | -1.0 (-1.3, -0.8) * | 37.4 (37.2, 37.6) | 36.5 (36.4, 36.5) | -0.9 (-1.1, -0.7)* | 0.0 (-0.08, 0.09) | 0.914 |
| Heart rate (bpm) | 85.5 (82.7, 88.4) | 81.2 (79.4, 83.0) | -4.4 (-7.7, -1.0)* | 85.4 (82.3, 88.5) | 80.7 (78.0, 83.3) | -4.7 (-8.8, -0.7)* | 0.3 (-2.6, 3.6) | 0.754 |
| Respiration rate (times/min) | 23.1 (20.6, 25.6) | 19.9 (19.6, 20.3) | -3.1 (-5.6, -0.6) * | 22.6 (21.6, 23.6) | 21.9 (19.8, 24.0) | -1.7 (-3.0, 1.5)* | -1.4 (-4.2, 1.3) | 0.301 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 124.2 (121.9, 126.6) | 120.3 (117.8, 122.8) | -3.9 (- 7.3, -0.5)* | 123.3 (119.9, 126.6) | 123.6 (121.0, 126.3) | 0.3 (- 3.9, 4.6) | -4.2 (-9.4, -0.9) | 0.108 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 73.0 (70.7, 75.3) | 73.2 (71.2, 75.2) | 0.3 (-2.8, 3.3) | 72.5 (70.2, 74.9) | 74.0 (71.8, 76.1) | 1.4 (-1.7, 4.6) | -1.1 (-4.9, 2.6) | 0.537 |
| Blood oxygen saturation (SaO2) | 92.7 (92.1, 93.2) | 97.0 (96.5, 97.4) | 4.3 (3.6, 5.0)* | 92.8 (92.1, 93.5) | 97.0 (96.4, 97.6) | 4.2 (3.3, 5.1)* | 0.0 (-0.8, 0.7) | 0.967 |
*, p<0.05. MBS, modified Borg dyspnea scale; FS-14, Fatigue Scale-14; PHQ-9, Patient Health Questionnaire-9 scale; mMRC, Medical Research Council; QARP, Qigong exercise and acupressure telerehabilitation program; SaO2, oxygen saturation; COVID-19, coronavirus disease of 2019; CI, confidence intervals.