Table 4.
Comparison of Patients Admitted in the First Wave and Second Wave of COVID-19.
| Characteristics | First wave (n = 188) | Second wave (n = 33) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mean Age (years) | 46 (37–55) | 47 (39–55) | 0.540 |
| Sex, male n (%) | 145 (77.1%) | 26 (78.8%) | 1.000 |
| Diabetes | 40 (21.3%) | 8 (24.2%) | 0.655 |
| Etiology of cirrhosis | 0.726 | ||
| Alcohol | 90 (47.9%) | 12 (36.4%) | |
| HBV | 20 (10.6%) | 4 (12.1%) | |
| HCV | 12 (6.4%) | 3 (9.1%) | |
| AIH | 11 (5.9%) | 1 (3.0%) | |
| NAFLD | 18 (9.6%) | 4 (12.1%) | |
| Cryptogenic | 30 (16.0%) | 6 (18.2%) | |
| Others | 7 (3.7%) | 3 (9.1%) | |
| Etiology Alcohol: Others | 90 (47.9%): 98 (52.1%) | 12 (36.4%): 21 (63.6%) | 0.259 |
| Hemoglobin | 8.5 (7.2–10.2) | 8.0 (6.7–11.3) | 0.572 |
| TLC | 7000 (4400–10725) | 6540 (3600–12700) | 0.656 |
| Platelet count | 70.5 (47.2–110) | 78 (52–131) | 0.537 |
| INR | 1.6 (1.4–2.3) | 1.6 (1.3–2.3) | 0.757 |
| Total bilirubin | 2.8 (1.2–5.9) | 2.5 (0.9–6.0) | 0.380 |
| Creatinine | 1.0 (0.7–1.9) | 1.2 (0.7–2.7) | 0.313 |
| AST | 54 (38–83) | 58 (37–86) | 0.756 |
| ALT | 37 (26–53) | 41 (28–55) | 0.466 |
| Alk P | 130 (98–162) | 96 (78–136) | 0.024 |
| Albumin | 2.6 (2.3–3.0) | 2.5 (2.3–2.8) | 0.249 |
| CTP | 9 (7–11) | 9 (7–12) | 0.575 |
| Child class | 0.520 | ||
| A | 27 (14.4%) | 7 (21.2%) | |
| B | 71 (37.8%) | 13 (39.4%) | |
| C | 90 (47.9%) | 13 (39.4%) | |
| MELD | 19.4 (12.5–26.2) | 22.4 (11.8–31.2) | 0.640 |
| COVID severity | 0.006 | ||
| Mild | 121 (64.4%) | 15 (45.5%) | |
| Moderate | 20 (10.6%) | 1 (3.0%) | |
| Severity | 47 (25.0%) | 17 (51.5%) | |
| Compensated Cirrhosis | 11 (5.9%) | 7 (21.2%) | 0.009 |
| Decompensated Cirrhosis | 123 (65.4%) | 16 (48.5%) | |
| ACLF | 54 (28.7%) | 10 (30.3%) | |
| Hospital stay | 8 (6–11) | 8 (5–16) | 0.464 |
| Died | 77 (41.0%) | 13 (39.4%) | 1.000 |
Note: all data are presented as median (IQR) unless specified. Albumin (G/dl), AST/ALT (iu/L), Alk P (iu/L), Bilirubin (mg/dl), creatinine (mg/dl), Hemoglobin: (g/dl), Platelets (x109/L), TLC (cells per Cmm).
Abbreviations: ACLF, acute-on-chronic liver failure; AIH, autoimmune hepatitis; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; Alk P, alkaline phosphatase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; CTP, Child-Turcotte-Pugh; HBV, hepatitis B virus; HCV, hepatitis C virus; INR, international normalized ratio; MELD, model for end-stage liver disease; NAFLD, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; TLC, total leukocyte count.