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. 2021 Oct 21;2021:6830459. doi: 10.1155/2021/6830459

Table 5.

Toxicokinetic parameters of hydroxychloroquine and artemisinin in rats after oral administration.

Analyte Gender Doses (mg/kg) C max (ng/mL) AUC0−t (h × ng/mL) Accumulation coefficient of Cmax Accumulation coefficient of AUC
Day 1 Day 14 Day 1 Day 14
Hydroxychloroquine Female + male 46 308.5 ± 87.7 346.0 ± 179.8 2859.0 ± 656.2 4274.9 ± 1083.2 1.1 1.5
219 616.7 ± 521.8 590.4 ± 169.6 4284.0 ± 916.1 7749.1 ± 1826.0 1.3 1.9
328 400.3 ± 155.8 631.5 ± 104.4 5408.3 ± 1463.5 9287.9 ± 1279.7 1.8 1.8
492 565.6 ± 301.6 826.0 ± 253.7 7086.1 ± 1718.3 11660.3 ± 2242.7 1.6 1.7

Artemisinin Female 46 154.8 ± 119.1 46.9 ± 24.3 161.6 ± 86.8 83.8 ± 37.6 0.4 0.6
219 319.3 ± 97.3 150.8 ± 218.6 369.3 ± 104.4 138.4 ± 89.2 0.5 0.4
328 341.5 ± 293.7 38.1 ± 17.3 451.9 ± 434.2 85.7 ± 26.0 0.3 0.6
492 270.8 ± 128.1 84.2 ± 48.8 379.3 ± 370.8 224.9 ± 110.1 0.3 0.8
Male 46 2.8 ± 2.4 7.1 ± 2.1 2.9 ± 2.4 15.1 ± 4.0 1.8 2.5
219 12.7 ± 5.5 12.3 ± 4.5 10.1 ± 4.0 25.0 ± 11.6 1.1 2.9
328 10.9 ± 5.0 7.5 ± 4.9 21.2 ± 10.8 12.2 ± 9.3 0.8 0.7
492 39.3 ± 54.3 23.3 ± 22.9 37.7 ± 23.7 19.4 ± 11.0 2.3 0.6

P ≤ 0.05 significant difference from day 1.