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. 2021 Oct 21;2021:3408937. doi: 10.1155/2021/3408937

Figure 2.

Figure 2

miRNA dysregulation in cancer. A schematic representation depicting the canonical miRNA biogenesis pathway and the general mechanisms whereby normal miRNA expression and function can be dysregulated in cancer. (a) Dysregulation of miRNA gene transcription in cancer through genetic, epigenetic, and transcriptional mechanisms. Active transcription is indicated by green arrow and blocked transcription by red block arrow. Red crosses indicate loss of the gene, epigenetic mechanism, or transcription factor. Me, methylation; Ac, acetylation. (b) Simplified canonical pathway of miRNA biogenesis and processing. Steps commonly dysregulated in cancer are indicated in red. (c) Mechanisms are prevalent in cancer allowing mRNAs to escape regulation by miRNAs. RBP, RNA binding protein. This figure is reprinted with permission from [91] under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.