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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Oct 29.
Published in final edited form as: Am Surg. 2020 Mar 1;86(3):237–244.

Table 3.

Characteristics of Those with ICU Admission Code Status, as well as ICU Discharge Code Status for Those Who Survived and Death Code Status for Those Who Died during Their Hospitalization

ICU Admission Code Status
ICU Discharge Code Status
ICU Death Code Status
Full Code Do Not Resuscitate Comfort Care P Value Full Code Do Not Resuscitate Comfort Care P value Full Code Do Not Resuscitate Comfort Care P Value
Age (years), mean ± SD 62.9 ± 15.8 76.4 ± 12.9 76.3 ± 11.3 <0.001 62.6 ± 15.8 76.3 ± 12.3 52.1 ± 22.5 <0.001 63.7 ± 17.3 72.3 ± 14 69.3 ± 15.2 0.03
Gender, n (%) <0.001 <0.001 0.002
 Male 30,499 (98.2) 439 (1.4) 6 (0.2) 29,320 (97.4) 786 (2.6) 4 (0.01) 233 (16.3) 325 (22.7) 876 (61.1)
 Female 22,050 (97.6) 534 (2.4) 10 (0.4) 20,940 (95.6) 954 (4.4) 7 (0.03) 141 (11.9) 312 (26.2) 736 (61.9)
Race, n (%) 0.001 <0.001 <0.001
 White 44,153 (98) 871 (1.9) 14 (0.03) 42,207 (96.4) 1,579 (3.6) 8 (0.02) 269 (12.5) 508 (23.6) 1,380 (64)
 Black 4,704 (98.7) 60 (1.3) 1 (0.02) 4,536 (98.1) 86 (1.9) 0(0) 65 (26.1) 70 (28.1) 114 (45.8)
 Other 2,744 (98.9) 32 (1.2) 0 (0) 2,640 (98.3) 47 (1.8) 0 (0) 31 (22.3) 44 (31.7) 64 (46)
Surgical category, n (%) <0.001 <0.001
 Cardiac 14,029 (99.5) 65 (0.5) 0 (0) 13,819 (99.4) 78 (0.6) 0 (0) 89 (28) 87 (27.4) 142 (44.7)
 Trauma 3,616 (97.5) 91 (2.5) 3 (0.1) 3,256 (94.4) 189 (5.5) 4 (0.1) 55 (15.2) 61 (16.8) 247 (68)
 Vascular 7,448 (98) 148 (2) 6 (0.1) 7,059 (96.5) 253 (3.5) 0 (0) 60 (13.9) 105 (24.3) 268 (62)
 General surgery 6,940 (96.1) 276 (3.8) 3 (0.1) 6,328 (92.3) 522 (7.6) 4 (0.06) 69 (9.9) 190 (27.4) 435 (62.7)
 Endocrine 263 (99.6) 1 (0.4) 0 (0) 262 (100) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 2 (33.3) 4 (66.7)
 Surgical oncology 2,044 (98.1) 39 (1.9) 0 (0) 1,958 (96.3) 76 (3.7) 0 (0) 19 (16.2) 29 (24.8) 69 (59)
 Transplant 817 (99.5) 3 (0.4) 1 (0.1) 810 (99.8) 76 (3.7) 0 (0) 7 (41.2) 5 (29.4) 5 (29.4)
 ENT 1,050 (97.9) 23 (2.1) 0 (0) 1,038 (97.4) 28 (2.6) 0 (0) 3 (13) 7 (30.4) 13 (56.5)
 OB/GYN 767 (99.9) 1 (0.1) 0 (0) 759 (99.1) 6 (0.8) 1 (0.1) 2 (18.2) 3 (27.3) 6 (54.6)
 Neurosurgery 8,461 (98.5) 131 (1.5) 2 (0) 8,115 (96.4) 304 (3.6) 2 (0.02) 16 (4.9) 59 (18.2) 249 (76.9)
 Thoracic 2,784 (98.7) 36 (1.3) 0 (0) 2,697 (97.8) 62 (2.3) 0 (0) 20 (16.4) 36 (29.5) 66 (54.1)
 Urology 2,140 (96.5) 77 (3.5) 1 (0) 2,056 (94.6) 118 (5.4) 0 (0) 14 (15.2) 26 (28.3) 52 (56.5)
 Orthopedics 857 (96.5) 57 (6.2) 0 (0) 815 (92.7) 64 (7.3) 0 (0) 11 (19.6) 18 (32.1) 27 (48.2)
 Plastics 217 (100) 0 (0) 0 (0) 214 (99.1) 2 (0.9) 0 (0) 0 (0) 1 (100) 0 (0)
 Other 977 (97.8) 22 (2.2) 0 (0) 949 (96.8) 31 (3.2) 0 (0) 4 (13.8) 6 (20.7) 19 (65.5)
Modified Charlson Comorbidity Index, μ ± SD 1.3 ± 1.8 1.4 ± 1.9 1.7 ± 1.4 0.009 1.3 ± 1.8 1.4 ± 1.9 1.1 ± 2.2 0.2 1.2 ± 1.7 1.5 ± 2 1.3 ± 1.7 0.6
APACHE III Score, μ ± SD 47.1 ± 21.3 62.8 ± 26.4 92.1 ± 25.2 <0.001 45.5 ± 19.3 64.6 ± 23.1 52.5 ± 23.8 <0.001 80.8 ± 36.5 82.7 ± 33.6 79.4 ± 32.3 0.006
ICU LOS (days), median (IQR) 3 (2–4) 3 (2–4) 1 (1–2) <0.001 3 (2–4) 3 (2–4) 6 (4–11) <0.001 3 (2–6) 4 (2–8) 5 (2–9) 0.009
Insurance, n (%) <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
 None 2,551 (99.3) 17 (0.7) 0 (0) 2,406 (99.1) 14 (0.6) 4 (0.2) 39 (27.1) 28 (19.4) 77 (53.5)
 Private 9,092 (99.3) 66 (0.7) 1 (0.01) 8,816 (99.1) 72 (0.8) 12 (0.1) 46 (17.8) 65 (25.1) 148 (57.1)
 Government 38,726 (97.8) 878 (2.2) 13 (0.03) 36,237 (96.6) 1,131 (3) 128 (0.3) 266 (12.5) 529 (24.9) 1,326 (62.5)
 Other 831 (99.5) 4 (0.5) 0 (0) 797 (99.1) 6 (0.8) 1 (0.1) 7 (22.6) 5 (16.1) 19 (61.3)

OB/GYN, obstetrics and gynecology.