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. 2021 Sep 1;22(11):1428–1439. doi: 10.1038/s41590-021-01028-7

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Extended Data Fig. 3 — (a) total protein (μg) content in nasopharyngeal samples. (b) MUC5AC content in nasopharyngeal samples. (c) Heatmap representation of statistically different (P < 0.05) plasma cytokines between critical COVID-19 patients and mild to moderate and severe COVID-19 patients. (d) Plasma cytokine concentration plots by patient severity. (e) Heatmap representation of statistically different (P < 0.05) nasopharyngeal cytokines between critical COVID-19 patients and mild to moderate and severe COVID-19 patients. (f) Nasopharyngeal cytokine concentration plots by patient severity. (a-f) Cytokines were measured in the plasma of healthy controls (n = 12 donors), mild to moderate (n = 15 patients), severe (n = 11 patients) and critical (n = 23 patients) or in the nasopharyngeal compartment of healthy controls (n = 10 donors), mild to moderate (n = 10 patients), severe (n = 10 patients) and critical (n = 12 patients). In (c) and (e), P values were determined with the Mann-Whitney test. In (a), (b), (d) and (f), box plots with median ± minimum to maximum. P values were determined with the one-sided Kruskal-Wallis test followed by with Dunn’s post-test for multiple group comparisons with Geisser-Greenhouse correction. For all panels: *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001.