Fig. 7.

Comparative schematic overview of biosynthesis pathways of flavonoids, anthocyanidins and lignin and their structural genes. p-coumaroyl-CoA (grey box, top) is often the precursor for the flavonoids/anthocyanidin biosynthesis (red box, left side) or production of lignin or lignocellulose (green box, right side). Shown in this graphic are common pathways with their involved genes (adapted from André et al. 2009; Mahesh et al. 2007; Albert et al. 2009; Carvalho Lemos et al. 2019; Liu et al. 2020). CHS chalcone synthase, CHI chalcone isomerase, F3H flavanone 3-hydroxylase, FLS flavonol synthase, $F{3}^{\prime }H$ flavonoid 3${}^{\prime }$ hydroxylase, $F{3}^{\prime }{5}^{\prime }H$ flavonoid $3^{\prime }{5}^{\prime }$ hydroxylase, UGT UDP-glycosyltransferase, DFR dihydroflavonol 4-reductase, LDOX leucoanthocyanidin dioxygenase, HQT hydroxycinnamoyl-Co A quinate hydroxycinnamoyl transferase, C3H p-coumarate 3-hydroxylase, HCT hydroxycinnamoyl-Co A shikimate hydroxycinnamoyl transferase