Table 2.
RBD-based vaccines in clinical development.
| Developer and vaccine | Manufacturing platform | Antigen and adjuvant | Dosing schedule (μg RBD) | Current clinical phase | Neutralizing antibody (vaccine/HCS) | References and Clinical Trial registration number |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adimmune AdCOVID | Baculovirus | RBDa + Alum | Phase 1 | NCT04522089 | ||
| Akston Biosciences AKS-452 | CHO | RBDa–Fc fusion protein | 1 Or 2 doses: 22.5, 45, or 90 μg | Phase 1/2 | NCT04681092 | |
| Biological E RBD219-N1C1 | Pichia | RBD331–549 + Alum/CpG | 2 Doses: 10 or 25 μg | Phase 2/3 | 23-Fold higher in mice | 5,88,89, CTRI/2021/06/034014 |
| Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Abdala CIGB 66 | Yeast | RBD331–529 + Alum | 3 Doses: 50 μg | Authorized in Cuba citing 92.28% clinical efficacy | ~8-Fold higher in NHP | 113,114, RPCEC00000359 |
| Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Mambisa CIGB 669 | Yeast | RBD331–529 + HBV nucleocapsid | 3 Doses: 50 μg (intranasal) or 2 doses in combination with CIGB 66 | Phase 2 | RPCEC00000345 | |
| Covaxx UB-612 | CHO | RBD340–359-Fc + 6 peptides + CpG/Alum | Phase 2 | ≥50-Fold higher in guinea pig (qNeu ELISA) | 86, NCT04773067 | |
| EuBiologics EuCorVac-19 | CHO | RBD319–541 + MPLA lipid nanospheres | 2 Doses 10 or 20 μg | Phase 1/2 | ~5-Fold higher in mice | 111, NCT04783311 |
| Finlay Vaccine Institute Soberana 02 | Baculovirus | Tetanus toxoid conjugated RBDa-Alum | 2 Doses 25 μg followed by 50 μg RBD-dimer with alum (FINLAY-FR-1A) | Authorized in Cuba citing 91.2% clinical efficacy | 115, RPCEC00000354 | |
| Hong Kong University LAIV | Hens’ eggs | RBDa (no adjuvant) | 2 Doses: 5 × 106– 5 × 107 | Phase 1 | NCT04809389 | |
| Pfizer/BioNTech BNT162b1 | mRNA | RBDa-trimer | 2 Doses: 30 μg | Phase 1 | 4.6-Fold higher in clinical study | 74,75,82,83, NCT04380701 |
| Serum Institute of India HBsAg-RBD-VLP | Pichia and Hansenula | RBD-VLP332–532 + Alum | 2 Doses: 1.8 or 2.1 μg | Phase 1/2 | >50-Fold higher for NHP, 4.6-fold higher for mice | 91,101,112, ACTRN12620000817943 |
| SK Bioscience GBP510 | CHO + E. coli | RBD328–531-nanoparticle + AS03 | 2 doses: 25 μg | Phase 3 | 5–8-Fold higher in clinical study | 26,78, NCT04750343 |
| Walvax/Abogen ARC0V-mRNA | mRNA | RBD319–541 | 15 μg | Phase 3 | 7, NCT04847102 | |
| West China Hospital SARS-Cov-2 RBD | Baculovirus | RBD319–545 + Alum | 2 Doses: 40 μg | Phase 3 | 87,117, NCT04904471 | |
| Anhui Zhifei Longcom Biopharmaceutical ZF2001 | CHO | RBD319–537 dimer + Alum | 3 Doses: 25 μg | Phase 3 | 2-Fold higher in clinical study | 76,77, NCT04646590 |
For current status of COVID-19 vaccine development, see https://covid19.trackvaccines.org/vaccines.
aRBD sequence data not available.