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. 2021 Oct 27;7:101. doi: 10.1038/s41421-021-00343-5

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 5 — a Mean DNA methylation levels in different embryo stages and sperm samples. b Distribution of the CpG dinucleotides in different DNA methylation levels. c Alterations in DNA methylation patterns of both the heritable and the un-heritable de-methylated F₀-DMRs when compared with that of the paternal sperm samples during reprogramming process of the F₁ generation. Total de-methylated (Total-hypo) events were composed of free-methylated (Free-hypo) events and the other de-methylated (Other-hypo) events, while total re-methylated (Total-hyper) events were composed of full-methylated (Full-hyper) events and the other re-methylated (Other-hyper) events. d Alterations in DNA methylation patterns of both the heritable and the un-heritable re-methylated F₀-DMRs when compared with that of the paternal sperm samples during the reprogramming process of the F₁ generation. e Dynamic DNA methylation patterns of the stress-induced heritable de-methylated DMRs during reprogramming process. In each stage, all DMRs were classified into three types: hypo (stress group was de-methylated), hyper (stress group was re-methylated), and unchanged (there was no difference between two groups). Theoretically, there were 36 combinations of the reprogramming patterns of these DMRs. f Proportion of each DMR type in each embryo stage. g The top two reprogramming patterns of the DMRs that were sequencing covered in all embryo samples of both the control and stress groups.