Fig. 2. Differential abundances of salivary bacterial communities during initiation of schizophrenia.

a Differentially abundant taxa between the FES, CHR, and HC groups are colored. The largest circles represent the phylum level, and the inner circles represent class, order, family, and genus. b The leading five abundant phyla differed in abundances among the three groups. Center lines of bean plots represent median values. c The ratios of Firmicutes/Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria/Proteobacteria, and Bacteroidetes/Proteobacteria were higher in FES and CHR patients than in HCs. Center lines of box plots show median values, box hinges indicate first and third quartiles, and whisker represent the furthest data points within 1.5 interquartile ranges of the hinges. d H₂S-producing bacteria were enriched in either the FES or the CHR group than in HCs. e Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves for the logistic regression models. The area under the curve (AUC) values for distinguishing FES from HCs in the training and test sets were 0.824 (sensitivity: 0.691; specificity: 0.891) and 0.813 (sensitivity: 0.941; specificity: 0.813), respectively. AUCs for distinguishing CHR from HCs in the training and test sets were 0.813 (sensitivity: 0.853; specificity: 0.609) and 0.833 (sensitivity: 0.667; specificity: 0.875), respectively. The comparisons among the three groups were performed by the Kruskal–Wallis test and the q values were corrected with FDR; the comparisons between the two groups were conducted by the quantile regression, adjusting for age, gender and education level and correcting with FDR. *q < 0.05; **q < 0.01; ***q < 0.001; ****q < 0.0001. Pink lines represent comparisons among the three groups.