Table 2.
Population standardized means for seven hypothetical interventions on COVID-19 related stressors.
| Population-wide average outcomes | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| BDI | STAI | PDQ-39 | |
| Current | 11.6 (11.2–12.1) | 75.9 (74.6–77.1) | 25.8 (25.0–26.7) |
| Stressors sum score | |||
| Intervention 1 | 9.3 (8.5–10.1) | 69.6 (67.1–72.1) | 21.7 (20.1–23.2) |
| Intervention 2 | 10.5 (10.0–10.9) | 72.7 (71.4–74.0) | 23.8 (22.9–24.6) |
| Intervention 3 | 11.1 (10.2–11.9) | 74.3 (71.8–76.8) | 24.8 (23.3–26.4) |
| Intervention 4 | 10.8 (10.3–11.2) | 73.6 (72.3–74.8) | 24.3 (23.5–25.2) |
| Intervention 5 | 11.2 (10.4–12.0) | 74.7 (72.2–77.2) | 25.0 (23.5–26.6) |
| Intervention 6 | 11.1 (10.6–11.5) | 74.4 (73.1–75.7) | 24.8 (23.9–25.7) |
| Intervention 7 | 11.4 (10.5–12.2) | 75.1 (72.6–77.6) | 25.4 (23.8–26.9) |
| Social stressors | |||
| Intervention 1 | 9.7 (8.9–10.6) | 70.3 (67.9–72.6) | 22.1 (20.7–23.6) |
| Intervention 2 | 10.7 (10.2–11.1) | 73.1 (71.8–74.3) | 24.0 (23.1–24.8) |
| Intervention 3 | 11.2 (10.3–12.0) | 74.5 (72.1–76.8) | 24.9 (23.5–26.4) |
| Intervention 4 | 11.0 (10.5–11.4) | 73.9 (72.6–75.2) | 24.6 (23.7–25.4) |
| Intervention 5 | 11.3 (10.4–12.1) | 74.8 (72.4–77.2) | 25.1 (23.6–26.5) |
| Intervention 6 | 11.2 (10.7–11.6) | 74.5 (73.2–75.8) | 24.9 (24.0–25.7) |
| Intervention 7 | 11.4 (10.6–12.3) | 75.2 (72.8–77.6) | 25.4 (23.9–26.9) |
| Care stressors | |||
| Intervention 1 | 10.7 (10.1–11.3) | 73.6 (71.9–75.2) | 24.6 (23.5–25.6) |
| Intervention 2 | 11.2 (10.7–11.6) | 74.7 (73.4–76.0) | 25.2 (24.4–26.1) |
| Intervention 3 | 11.4 (10.9–12.0) | 75.3 (73.7–77.0) | 25.5 (24.5–26.6) |
| Intervention 4 | 11.2 (10.8–11.7) | 74.8 (73.5–76.1) | 25.3 (24.4–26.1) |
| Intervention 5 | 11.4 (10.9–12.0) | 75.3 (73.7–77.0) | 25.5 (24.5–26.6) |
| Intervention 6 | 11.4 (11.0–11.9) | 75.3 (74.0–76.6) | 25.5 (24.7–26.4) |
| Intervention 7 | 11.5 (11.0–12.1) | 75.6 (73.9–77.3) | 25.7 (24.6–26.8) |
| Average outcomes for targeted subgroups | |||
| Stressors sum score | |||
| Current | 12.8 (12.3–13.2) | 78.7 (77.4–80.0) | 28.2 (27.4–29.1) |
| Intervention 4 | 11.1 (10.2–11.9) | 74.2 (71.7–76.7) | 24.9 (23.4–26.5) |
| Intervention 5 | 11.9 (11.1–12.8) | 76.5 (74.0–79.0) | 26.4 (24.9–28.0) |
| Current | 14.7 (14.2–15.1) | 81.6 (80.3–82.8) | 35.0 (34.2–35.9) |
| Intervention 6 | 10.6 (9.7–11.4) | 73.1 (70.7–75.6) | 24.3 (22.8–25.8) |
| Intervention 7 | 11.6 (10.7–12.4) | 75.2 (72.7–77.7) | 27.2 (25.6–28.7) |
Hypothetical intervention 1 included a complete removal of COVID-19 stressors in all individuals (N = 844), hypothetical intervention 2 a 50% reduction of COVID-19 stressors (N = idem) and hypothetical intervention 3 a 25% reduction (N = idem). Hypothetical intervention 4 reduced COVID-19 stressors with 50% in individuals scoring above the population median (N = 412 for intervention on stressors sum score, N = 374 for intervention on social stressors, N = 381 for intervention on care stressors), hypothetical intervention 5 with 25% (N = idem). Hypothetical intervention 6 included a 50% reduction of COVID-19 stressors in people with an above median MDS-UPDRS-II (N = 366) and hypothetical intervention 7 a 25% reduction (N = idem). Models were adjusted for sex, age, disease duration, presence of comorbidities, education, living situation, region, and date. Models for intervention 6 and 7 were not adjusted for disease duration.