Fig. 3.

M1-like, but not M2-like macrophages are selectively reprogrammed by tumor-induced methylation. a Phenotypic characterization of mouse BMDMs after IFN-γ/LPS-induced M1 polarization and IL-4-induced M2 polarization. mRNA expression of M1 and M2 marker genes measured by RT-PCR with β-actin used for normalization. b M1 and M2 marker gene expression in mouse M1-like macrophages after co-culturing with KPC cells. c Aldh1a3 and Nqo-1 methylation in mouse M0, M1-like, and M2-like macrophages upon co-culturing with KPC cells. d RT-PCR of key genes in glucose metabolism and OXPHOS pathways in mouse M1-like macrophages after co-culturing with KPC cells. e Phenotypic characterization of human macrophages after IFN-γ/LPS-induced M1 polarization and IL-4/IL-10/TGF-β-induced M2 polarization. f RT-PCR of M1 and M2 marker genes in human M1-like macrophages after co-culturing with Panc10.05 cells. g ALDH1a3 and NQO-1 methylation in human M1-like and M2-like macrophages upon co-culturing with Panc10.05 cells. *P < 0.05 (paired t test). h RT-PCR of key genes in glucose metabolism and OXPHOS pathways in human M1-like macrophages after co-culturing with Panc10.05 cells. Data are means ± SEM from technical duplicates. *P < 0.05 (All panels except g used Mann–Whitney U test)