Table 1.
List of representative examples of engineered biosynthesis of plant natural products in plant cells
| Classification | Secondary metabolites | Plant host | Strategy and method | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Isoprenoids | Isoprenoids | N. tabacum | Overexpression | (Kumar et al., 2012) |
| Monoterpenoids | Geraniol | N. tabacum | Overexpression | (Vasilev et al., 2014) |
| Geraniol | N. tabacum | Overexpression | (Ritala et al., 2014) | |
| Limonene | M. piperita | Suppression | (Mahmoud et al., 2004) | |
| Mentha oil | M. piperita | Suppression | (Mahmoud and Croteau, 2001) | |
| Sesquiterpenoids | Artemisinin | N. tabacum | Overexpression | (Farhi et al., 2011) |
| Artemisinin | N. tabacum | Compartmentalized metabolic engineering | (Malhotra et al., 2016) | |
| Artemisinin | A. annua | Over expression and Global regulation | (Shen et al., 2018) | |
| Artemisinin | A. annua | Suppression | (Lv et al., 2016b) | |
| Artemisinin | A. annua | Global regulation | (Han et al., 2014b; Lv et al., 2016a; Shen et al., 2016; Tan et al., 2015; Yan et al., 2017) | |
| Artemisinin | P. patens | Overexpression | (Ikram et al., 2017; Ikram et al., 2019) | |
| Artemisinin acid | N. tabacum | COSTREL | (Fuentes et al., 2016) | |
| Patchoulol/santalene | P. patens | Compartmentalized metabolic engineering | (Zhan et al., 2014) | |
| Sesquiterpenoids | N. tabacum | Compartmentalized metabolic engineering | (Wu et al., 2006) | |
| Diterpenoids | Diterpenes | P. patens | Overexpression | (Banerjee et al., 2019) |
| Sclareol | P. patens | Overexpression | (Pan et al., 2015) | |
| Tanshinone | S. miltiorrhiza | Elicitors | (Yang et al., 2018) | |
| Taxadiene | A. thaliana | Compartmentalized metabolic engineering | (Besumbes et al., 2004) | |
| Taxadiene/taxadiene-5-ol | N. benthamiana | Compartmentalized metabolic engineering | (Li et al., 2019) | |
| Taxadiene | P. patens | Overexpression | (Anterola et al., 2009) | |
| Taxol | Taxus spp. cell suspension culture | Plant Cell Fermentation (PCF) Technology | https://phytonbiotech.com/apis/paclitaxel/ | |
| Taxol | Taxus spp. cell suspension culture | Samyang’s plant cell culture technology | https://www.samyangbiopharm.com/eng/ | |
| Triterpenoids | Astragaloside | A. membranaceus hairy root | Elicitors | (Jiao et al., 2016) |
| Diosgenin | N. benthamiana | Pooled screens and Overexpression | (Christ et al., 2019) | |
| Dammarenediol-II | N. tabacum | Overexpression | (Han et al., 2014a) | |
| Ginsenoside | P. ginseng | www.nitto.com | ||
| Protopanaxatriol/protopanaxadiol | N. tabacum | Overexpression | (Chun et al., 2015; Gwak et al., 2019) | |
| Squalene | N. tabacum | Compartmentalized metabolic engineering | (Pasoreck et al., 2016) | |
| Triterpene | N. benthamiana | Combinatorial transformation | (Reed et al., 2017) | |
| Triterpenoids | C. asiatica hairy root | Elicitors | (Baek et al., 2020) | |
| Tetraterpenoids | β-Carotene | Rice | Overexpression | (Ye et al., 2000) |
| β-Carotene | Tomato | Overexpression | (Apel and Bock, 2009) | |
| β-Carotene/carotenoids | Maize | Combinatorial transformation | (Zhu et al., 2008) | |
| Carotenoid | Potato | Overexpression | (Diretto et al., 2007) | |
| Canthaxanthin/astaxanthin | Rice | Overexpression | (Zhu et al., 2018) | |
| GABA | Tomato | CRISPR/Cas9-mediated metabolic engineering | (Nonaka et al., 2017) | |
| Lycopene | Tomato | Suppression | (Li et al., 2018d) | |
| Provitamin A | Tomato | Overexpression | (Wurbs et al., 2007) | |
| Phenylpropanoids | Anthocyanin | A. thaliana | Global regulation | (Xu et al., 2017) |
| Anthocyanin | L. ruthenicum/L. barbarum | Global regulation | (Zong et al., 2019) | |
| Anthocyanin | N. tabacum/A. thaliana | Global regulation | (Appelhagen et al., 2018) | |
| Anthocyanin | Rice | Global regulation | (Zhu et al., 2017) | |
| Anthocyanin | Tomato | CRISPR/Cas9-mediated metabolic engineering | (Cermak et al., 2015) | |
| Anthocyanin | Tomato | Global regulation | (Meng et al., 2014) | |
| Anthocyanin/phenylpropanoid flavonoid derivatives | Tomato | Global regulation | (Tohge et al., 2015) | |
| Anthocyanin | Tomato | Global regulation | (Li et al., 2018a) | |
| Chrysin/wogonin/baicalein | Scutellaria bornmuelleri | Elicitors | (Zg et al., 2020) | |
| Coumarin/phenolic compounds | P. sidoides hairy root | Elicitors | (Yousefian et al., 2021) | |
| Cyanidin 3-O-rutinoside | N. tabacum | Global regulation | (He et al., 2017) | |
| Delphinidin | Chrysanthemum morifolium | Overexpression | (Noda et al., 2017) | |
| Delphinidin | Rosa hybrida | Overexpression | (Katsumoto et al., 2007) | |
| Delphinidin/petunidin | Tomato | Global regulation | (Outchkourov et al., 2018) | |
| Flavonoids | Tomato | Global regulation | (Zhang et al., 2015) | |
| Flavonols | Tomato | Global regulation | (Brown et al., 2015; Zhang et al., 2015) | |
| Isoflavone | Soya bean | CRISPR/Cas9-mediated metabolic engineering | (Zhang et al., 2020a) | |
| Pterostilbene/piceatannol | V. vinifera | Elicitors | (Martinez-Marquez et al., 2018; Martinez-Marquez et al., 2016) | |
| Resveratrol | V. vinifera | Elicitors | (Chu et al., 2017) | |
| Resveratrol/dihydroquercetin | V. vinifera | Global regulation | (Manela et al., 2015) | |
| Silymarin | Silybum marianum | Elicitors | (Gabr et al., 2016) | |
| Alkaloids | Berberine | Coptis japonica/Thalictrum minus cell suspension culture | (Matsubara et al., 1989) | |
| Catharanthine/tabersonine | N. benthamiana | Overexpression | (Caputi et al., 2018) | |
| Etoposide aglycone | N. benthamiana | Overexpression | (Lau and Sattely, 2015) | |
| Hyoscyamine | A. belladonna | CRISPR/Cas9-mediated metabolic engineering | (Zeng et al., 2021) | |
| N-Formyldemecolcine | N. benthamiana | Overexpression | (Nett et al., 2020) | |
| Strictosidine | N. benthamiana | Overexpression | (Miettinen et al., 2014) | |
| Tropane alkaloids | A. belladonna | Global regulation | (Bai et al., 2019) | |
| Tropane alkaloids | A. belladonna | Overexpression | (Zhao et al., 2020) | |
| Tropane alkaloids | Hyoscyamus hairy root | Elicitors | (Hedayati et al., 2020) | |
| Vincristine/vinblastine | C. roseus | Elicitors | (Mekky et al., 2018) | |
| Other PNPs | Dhurrin | N. benthamiana | Compartmentalized metabolic engineering | (de Jesus et al., 2017; Gnanasekaran et al., 2016) |
| Vanillin | C. frutescens | Overexpression | (Chee et al., 2017) | |
| Vitamins | Maize | Combinatorial transformation | (Naqvi et al., 2009) | |
| Vitamin E | Tomato | Overexpression | (Lu et al., 2013) | |
| Vitamin E | Lettuce | Overexpression | (Yabuta et al., 2013) |
Abbreviations: A. belladonna (Atropa belladonna); A. membranaceus (Astragalus membranaceus); C. asiatica (Centella asiatica); C. frutescens (Capsicum frutescens); C. roseus (Catharanthus roseus); L. barbarum (Lycium barbarum); L. ruthenicum (Lycium ruthenicum); M. piperita (Mentha×piperita L.); P. ginseng (Panax ginseng L.); P. sidoides (Pelargonium sidoides); S. miltiorrhiza (Salvia miltiorrhiza); V. vinifera (Vitis vinifera).