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. 2021 Oct 15;8:756140. doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.756140

Table 2.

Longitudinal associations of early-pregnancy biomarkers levels with systolic blood pressure levels during pregnancy.

Biomarkers N Model 1* Model 2 Model 3
UA, μmol/L
T1 (125–218) 349 Reference Reference Reference
T2 (219–256) 347 1.81 (0.31, 3.31)§ 1.54 (0.06, 3.03)§ 1.22 (-0.27, 2.71)
T3 (257–430) 345 5.29 (3.78, 6.80) 3.75 (2.24, 5.27) 3.15 (1.63, 4.68)
eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m 2
T1 (68–109) 366 3.07 (1.5, 4.64) 0.87 (−0.75, 2.49) 0.25 (−1.35, 1.86)
T2 (110–118) 321 1.65 (0.02, 3.28)§ 0.29 (−1.31, 1.89) −0.08 (−1.66, 1.51)
T3 (119–137) 354 Reference Reference Reference
GGT, U/L
T1 (4–10) 336 Reference Reference Reference
T2 (11–15) 375 1.85 (0.27, 3.42)§ 1.15 (−0.35, 2.66) 0.69 (−0.84, 2.22)
T3 (16–68) 330 4.72 (3.10, 6.34) 3.11 (1.56, 4.67) 2.04 (0.31, 3.76)§
ALP, U/L
T1 (18–43) 341 Reference Reference Reference
T2 (44–52) 332 1.92 (0.31, 3.53)§ 1.57 (0.06, 3.08)§ 1.16 (−0.34, 2.67)
T3 (53–193) 368 4.83 (3.26, 6.40) 3.2 (1.69, 4.71) 2.32 (0.78, 3.86)
LDH, U/L
T1 (97–139) 333 Reference Reference Reference
T2 (140–157) 353 −0.13 (−1.74, 1.48) −0.02 (−1.52, 1.48) −0.38 (−1.87, 1.10)
T3 (158–273) 355 3.08 (1.47, 4.69) 2.44 (0.94, 3.94) 1.48 (−0.08, 3.27)
AST/ALT
T1 (0.38–0.97) 340 3.36 (1.75, 4.97) 1.68 (0.11, 3.25)§ 0.09 (−1.62, 1.79)
T2 (1.00–1.29) 355 2.80 (1.21, 4.39) 1.49 (−0.03, 3.00) 0.76 (−0.78, 2.30)
T3 (1.30–3.40) 346 Reference Reference Reference

Results were regression coefficients (95% confidence interval) of linear mixed-effects regression models. UA, uric acid; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; GGT, gamma–glutamyl transpeptidase; ALP, alkaline phosphatase; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; AST/ALT, aspartate aminotransferase to alanine aminotransferase ratio; T, tertile.

*

Model 1 was adjusted for gestational age (linear and quadratic terms).

Model 2 was adjusted for gestational age (linear and quadratic terms), pre-pregnancy BMI, maternal age, monthly per capita income, education level, nulliparous, folic acid supplement intake during pregnancy, family history of hypertension, family history of diabetes mellitus, smoking and alcohol consumption.

Model 3 included all six biomarkers simultaneously and was adjusted for gestational age (linear and quadratic terms), pre-pregnancy BMI, maternal age, monthly per capita income, education level, nulliparous, folic acid supplement intake during pregnancy, family history of hypertension, family history of diabetes mellitus, smoking and alcohol consumption.

§

P < 0.05.

P < 0.01.