TABLE 3.

Mean and standard deviation of dependent variables and learner characteristics in experiment 2.

	Biology				Physics
	Massed		Distributed		Massed		Distributed
Variable	M	SD	M	SD	M	SD	M	SD
Dependent variables
Learning outcome (immediate)	6.41	3.28	6.37	3.85	6.50	2.77	5.12	2.81
Learning outcome (delayed)	5.67	2.97	6.21	3.79	5.41	3.04	5.04	2.41
Perceived difficulty	3.74	0.75	3.33	0.99	3.38	0.85	3.38	0.91
Self-predicted success	2.91	0.57	2.53	0.97	2.79	0.54	2.81	0.78
Perceived similarity	3.39	0.63	3.57	0.68	3.24	0.66	3.24	0.42
Perceived learning coherence	2.76	0.89	2.57	1.10	2.82	1.00	2.56	1.22
Learner characteristics
Domain-specific prior knowledge	1.97	1.85	2.93	2.32	6.24	2.10	5.19	2.26
Grades	2.31	0.89	2.48	0.89	1.82	0.77	2.29	0.85
Reading ability	15.22	3.76	16.10	6.06	17.12	5.99	15.66	4.27
Working memory capacity	0.66	0.18	0.71	0.19	0.76	0.13	0.69	0.17

All variables are reported separately for the domains as domain was varied between-subjects.