Table 2.
Semen quality parameters (mean ± SD).
| Variables | G1 (n = 11) | G2 (n = 39) | G3 (n = 31) | G4 (n = 9) | P -value* |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sperm concentration (× 106/ml) | 93.1 ± 53.0a | 82.9 ± 61.4ab | 76.8 ± 49.9b | 33.2 ± 48.4b | 0.030 |
| Leukocytes in ejaculate (× 106/ml) | 0.2 ± 0.1 | 0.5 ± 0.4 | 0.5 ± 0.3 | 0.3 ± 0.4 | 0.183 |
| Vitality (live spermatozoa, %) | 79.4 ± 6.9 | 71.7 ± 9.9 | 74.1 ± 9.1 | 69.6 ± 7.2 | 0.087 |
| Total motility (PR + NP, %) | 55.5 ± 7.3a | 28.1 ± 10.0b | 27.5 ± 11.0b | 48.2 ± 16.3a | <0.001 |
| Progressive motility (%) | 39.7 ± 9.1a | 12.9 ± 7.6b | 10.9 ± 7.0b | 31.2 ± 13.2a | <0.001 |
| Sperm morphology (normal forms, %) | 10.4 ± 6.0a | 7.9 ± 3.1a | 1.9 ± 1.3b | 3.4 ± 4.9b | <0.001 |
| Sperm head defects (%) | 88.3 ± 5.5a | 90.6 ± 3.7a | 97.7 ± 1.7b | 96.6 ± 4.9b | <0.001 |
| Sperm tail defects (%) | 5.9 ± 3.7 | 7.0 ± 5.8 | 8.6 ± 7.1 | 8.4 ± 7.8 | 0.730 |
G1, normozoospermia; G2, asthenozoospermia; G3, asthenoteratozoospermia; G4, oligoasthenoteratozoospermia, oligozoospermia, and teratozoospermia;
*
Kruskal-Wallis test;
a, b
different letters indicate statistically significant differences between a group; p-value ≤ 0.05 (Mann–Whitney U-test). The results with P-values of ≤ 0.05 were admitted as statistically significant and were marked in bold cursive.