FIGURE 5.

R52B10-Gal4-expressing PFN neurons promote wakefulness. (A) Using the MARCM system, dTrpA1 expression was targeted to a limited number of neurons in R52B10-Gal4. The behavior of mosaic flies was monitored as described in Figure 2. Sleep change (ΔSleep) of a single fly was calculated by subtracting the amount of sleep during the subjective night at 29°C from that at 22°C (before 29°C) (n = 133). The red horizontal bar indicates the mean. (B,C) Maximum-intensity projection of the confocal brain images of the flies whose ΔSleep were > + 2 SD higher than the mean [red oval in (A)] (B) or nearly equal to the mean (C). PB, protocerebral bridge; FB, fan-shaped body; NO, noduli. Scale bars indicate 50 μm. (D) Maximum-intensity projection of the confocal brain images of c465-Gal4, MB247-Gal80 crossed to UAS-mCD8::GFP flies. c465-Gal4 drives expression in the PFN neurons. Scale bars indicate 100 μm. (E,F) Sleep profiles in 60-min intervals (E) or total daily sleep (F) for control (c465-Gal4, MB247-Gal80 × w¹¹¹⁸, black circles or bars, n = 15) or flies expressing dTrpA1 in c465-Gal4 except for mushroom body neurons (c465-Gal4, MB247-Gal80 × UAS-dTrpA1; UAS-dTrpA1, red circles or bars, n = 11) in DD conditions. Behavior was monitored as described in Figure 2, except that flies were transferred to 29°C for 2 days to allow dTrpA1 activation. Data are presented as mean ± SEM. *p < 0.05 vs. control; two-way repeated measures ANOVA followed by simple main effect test.