Table 1.
Descriptive characteristics of enrolled patients. with and without pressure sores.
| All patientsn=96 (100%) |
Patients without Pressure Sores related to PP n=58 (60%) | Patients with Pressure Sores related to PP n=38 (40%) | p.value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex Female n= (%) | 22 (23%) | 15 (26%) | 7 (18%) | 0.396 | |
| Age (years) - Median (IQR) | 59 (53-67) | 60 (54-68) | 59 (51-66) | 0.463 | |
| Lenght of ICU stay (days) | 15 (7-25) | 15 (6-21) | 19.5 (10-28) | 0.038 | |
| Weight - cm - Median (IQR) | 80 (75-95) | 80 (75-95) | 82. 5 (80-95) | 0.762 | |
| BMI - Median (IQR) | 28 (26 -33) | 28 (26-33) | 28 (26-33) | 0.784 | |
| <24.9 - normal weight | 20 (21%) | 12 (21%) | 8 (21%) | 0.961 | |
| 24.9 -29.9 - overweight | 39 (41%) | 24 (42%) | 15 (40%) | ||
| >30.0 obesity | 36 (38%) | 21 (37%) | 15 (40%) | ||
| Diabetes - yes | 17 (23%) | 8 (18%) | 9 (30%) | 0.216 | |
| Hypertension - yes | 39 (52%) | 26 (56%) | 13 (43%) | 0.22 | |
| Arteriopathies- yes | 7 (10%) | 4 (10%) | 3 (12%) | 0.79 | |
| Alive at ICU discharge - n=(%) | 79 (82%) | 51 (88%) | 28 (74%) | 0.074 | |
| Median Braden (ICU admission day) | 10 (10-11) | 10 (10-10) | 10 (9-11) | 0.899 | |
| ARDS classification | mild | 4 (4%) | 3 (5%) | 1 (3%) | |
| moderate | 53 (55%) | 35 (60%) | 18 (47%) | 0.299 | |
| severe | 39 (41%) | 20 (35%) | 19 (50%) | ||
| median PO2/FiO2 ratio (first PP manouvre) | 116 (82-148) | 121 (86-150) | 98 (69-145) | 0.095 | |
| Mechanical ventilation days | 13 (7-20) | 12 (5-18) | 15 (10-23) | 0.033 | |
| Veno-Venous ECMO - yes | 13 (13%) | 5 (9%) | 8 (21%) | 0.082 | |
| Tracheostomy -yes | 21 (22%) | 14 (24%) | 7 (18%) | 0.508 | |
| Norepinephrine infusion during PP cycles - yes | 57 (60%) | 34 (60%) | 23 (61%) | 0.205 | |
| Dopamine infusion during PP cycles | 26 (27%) | 19 (33%) | 7 (18%) | 0.631 | |
| Median Time from admission to first PP- hours | 8 (4-45) | 7.5 (4-36) | 12 (5-48) | 0.324 | |
| Median Time for each PP cycle - hours | 18 (16-32) | 17 (15-32) | 21(16-32) | 0.053 | |
| Median Prone Position cycle per patient | 2 (1- 4) | 2 (1-4) | 3 (2-4) | 0.017 | |
| 1 cycle | 30 (31%) | 26 (45%) | 4 (10%) | 0.336 | |
| 2 cycles | 21 (22%) | 10 (17%) | 11 (29%) | ||
| 3 cycles | 16 (17%) | 6 (105) | 10 (26%) | ||
| > 3 cycles | 29 (30%) | 16 (28%) | 13 (35%) | ||
| Total time in Prone Position - hours | 48 (31-101) | 38 (20-84) | 65 (34-126) | 0.005 | |
| Extended Prone Postion - yes | 37 (38%) | 18 (31%) | 19 (50%) | 0.062 | |
| PP cycle - Median Highest Time - hours | 41 (29-43) | 41 (37-42) | 41 (40-44) | 0.327 | |
| Pressure sores at ICU Admission - yes | 3 (3%) | 0 (0%) | 3 (8%) | 0.03 | |
| Number of body areas with pressure sores at ICU admission | 2 (2-2) | 0 | 2 (2-2) | 0.074 | |
| Pressure sores at ICU discharge - yes | 56 (59%) | 18 (32%) | 38 (100%) | <0.0001 | |
| Number of body areas with pressure sores at ICU discharge | 2 (1-3) | 1 (1-2) | 2 (1-3) | 0.0721 | |
| Pressure sores related to Prone Position | |||||
| Median number of body areas with Pressure sores related to PP | 1 (1 -2) | --- | 1 (1-2) | --- | |
| Forehead | 4 (4%) | --- | 4 (10%) | ||
| Forehead - median NPUAP grade | 2 (2-2) | --- | 2 (2-2) | ||
| Cheekbones | 10 (10%) | --- | 10 (26%) | ||
| Cheekbones - median NPUAP grade | 2 (2-2) | --- | 2 (2-2) | ||
| Chin | 17 (18%) | --- | 17 (44%) | ||
| Chin - median NPUAP grade | 2 (2-2) | --- | 2 (2-2) | ||
| Lips | 7 (7%) | --- | 7 (18%) | ||
| Lips - median NPUAP grade | 2 (2-2) | --- | 2 (2-2) | ||
| Thorax | 9 (9%) | --- | 9 (24%) | 1 | |
| Thorax - Median NPUAP grade | 2 81-2) | --- | 2 (1-2) | ||
| Abdomen | 1 (1%) | --- | 1 (3%) | ||
| Abdomen - median NPUAP grade | 2 | --- | 2 | ||
| Iliac crests | 3 (3%) | --- | 3 (8%) | ||
| Iliac crests - median NPUAP grade | 2 (2-2) | --- | 2 (2-2) | ||
| Tibial plateau | 3 (3%) | --- | 3 (8%) | ||
| Tibial plateau - median NPUAP grade | 2 (2-2) | --- | 2 (2-2) | ||
| Knees | 9 (9%) | --- | 9 (24%) | 1 | |
| Knees - median NPUAP grade | 2 (2-2) | --- | 2 (2-2) | ||
| Other sites with Pressure sores | 4 (4%) | --- | 4 (11%) | ||
| Other sites - median NPUAP grade | 2 (2-2) | --- | 2 (2-2) | ||
| Pressure sores not related to Prone Position | |||||
| Occiput | 1 (1%) | --- | 1 | 0.214 | |
| Occiput - NPUAP grade | 2 | --- | 2 | ||
| Shoulder blades | 14 (15%) | 11 (19%) | 3 (8%) | 0.133 | |
| Shoulder blades - median NPUAP grade | 2 (2-2) | 2 (2-2) | 2 (2-2) | ||
| Sacrum | 23 (24%) | 9 (16%) | 14 (37%) | 0.017 | |
| Sacrum - median NPUAP grade | 2 (2-2) | 2 (2-3) | 2 (2-2) | ||
| Buttocks | 2 (2%) | 2 (3%) | --- | 0.247 | |
| Buttocks - median NPUAP grade | 2 (1-2) | 2 (1-2) | --- | ||
PP: Prone Position. BMI : Boby Mass Index. ARDS : adult respiratory distress syndrome. ECMO : extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. NPUAP : National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel.