TABLE 2.

List of miRNAs in rice trait improvement and stress management.

miRNA	Function	References
miR156	fast leaf/tiller initiation and advanced leaf maturation in rice; regulate the tillering-associated genes (TB1, LAX1 and DWARF 53)	Xie et al., 2012; Liu Q. et al., 2019
miR172	reduced seed weight, floral defects and delayed transition of spikelet meristem to floral meristem in rice	Zhu et al., 2009
miR397	grain size and panicle branching, eventually leading to increased rice grain production	Zhang et al., 2013
miR159	reduced size of organ, diameter of stem, length of flag leaf, size of grain panicle, and spikelet hulls	Zhao et al., 2017
miR319	suppressive effect on rice plant height	Liu et al., 2017
miR396	improved panicle branching and grain size	Zhang J. et al., 2020
miR1432	enhanced expression of OsACOT to promote grain filling	Zhao et al., 2019
miR398	modulate the expression of Os-CSD1 and Os-CSD2 as well as responses to abiotic and biotic stresses	Li et al., 2011
miR169g	Drought, salt, and blast fungus	Zhao et al., 2007, 2009; Jian et al., 2010; Zhou et al., 2010; Li et al., 2017
miR393	Drought, salinity, and cold	Lv et al., 2010; Gao et al., 2011; Xia et al., 2012; Lu et al., 2018
miR169, miR397, miR528, miR827, miR1425, miR319a.2 and miR408-5p	H2O2-oxidative stress	Li et al., 2011
miRNA166	drought tolerance and smaller xylem diameter	Zhang et al., 2018
miR12477	regulates the expression of LAO (L-ascorbate oxidase) for salt tolerance	Parmar et al., 2020
miR7695	negatively controls an alternatively spliced transcript of OsNRAMP6, while its over-expression improves the resistance to M. oryzae	Campo et al., 2013
miRNA169	decreased rice immunity against M. oryzae	Li et al., 2017
miRNA164a	negatively regulates rice immunity against M. oryzae	Wang Z. et al., 2018