Table 4.
Anesthesia details and hospital outcomes.
| Patient Characteristic | All Patients |
Group 1 No Multimodal |
Group 2 Acetaminophen Only |
Group 3 Acetaminophen with Pregabalin/Gabapentin Only |
Group 4 Celecoxib with Acetaminophen or Pregabalin/Gabapentin |
Group 5 Full Multimodal – Celecoxib, Acetaminophen, and Pregabalin/Gabapentin |
P-Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N = 1546 | N = 357 | N = 151 | N = 326 | N = 57 | N = 655 | ||
| Anesthesia Details – n (%) | |||||||
| Spinal Anesthesia | 968 (62.6) | 216 (60.5) | 82 (54.3) | 176 (54.0) | 41 (71.9) | 453 (69.2) | <0.001 |
| ASA ≥3 | 640 (41.4) | 145 (40.6) | 79 (52.3) | 141 (43.3) | 33 (57.9) | 242 (36.9) | <0.001 |
| PACU Recovery Outcomes | |||||||
| PONV – n (%) | 45 (2.9) | 10 (2.8) | 5 (3.3) | 8 (2.5) | 2 (3.5) | 20 (3.1) | 0.977 |
| Last Pain NRS – avg. ± SD | 3.2 ± 2.3 | 3.5 ± 2.4 | 3.1 ± 2.2 | 3.5 ± 2.3 | 2.7 ± 2.7 | 2.9 ± 2.2 | <0.001 |
| Last Pain NRS ≥7 – n (%) | 86 (5.6) | 27 (7.6) | 7 (4.6) | 21 (6.4) | 3 (5.3) | 28 (4.3) | 0.238 |
| Minutes in PACU – avg. ± SD | 155.3 ± 54.3 | 153.3 ± 54.3 | 148.5 ± 50.0 | 155.8 ± 70.3 | 156.5 ± 58.3 | 157.7 ± 52.6 | 0.440 |
| Hospital Outcomes | |||||||
| LOS (Days) – avg. ± SD | 1.08 ± 0.68 | 1.23 ± 0.82 | 1.15 ± 0.76 | 1.05 ± 0.56 | 1.02 ± 0.30 | 1.00 ± 0.64 | <0.001 |
| LOS (Hours) – avg. ± SD | 31.97 ± 15.69 | 35.54 ± 19.52 | 33.31 ± 18.05 | 31.30 ± 12.53 | 30.05 ± 7.63 | 30.29 ± 14.42 | <0.001 |
| LOS ≥2 Days – n (%) | 190 (12.3) | 78 (21.8)a | 19 (12.6)a,b | 30 (9.2)a,b | 3 (5.3)b | 60 (9.2)b | <0.001 |
| Inpatient OMME – avg. ± SD | 82.94 ± 53.42 | 97.47 ± 60.82 | 80.33 ± 45.40 | 79.95 ± 46.55 | 89.16 ± 62.32 | 76.56 ± 51.79 | <0.001 |
| OMME ≥75th percentile – n (%) | 393 (25.4) | 133 (37.3)a | 39 (25.8)a,b | 76 (23.3)b | 15 (26.3)a,b | 130 (19.8)b | <0.001 |
| Post-Discharge Outcomes | |||||||
| 30-Day Readmission – n (%) | 29 (1.9) | 4 (1.1) | 7 (4.6) | 5 (1.5) | 0 (0.0) | 13 (2.0) | 0.069 |
| 90-Day Readmission – n (%) | 31 (2.0) | 5 (1.4) | 7 (4.6) | 5 (1.5) | 0 (0.0) | 14 (2.1) | 0.108 |
| 30-Day Return to OR – n (%) | 12 (0.8) | 3 (0.8) | 3 (2.0) | 1 (0.3) | 0 (0.0) | 5 (0.8) | 0.370 |
P-Values <0.05 in bold.
Each subscript letter denotes a subset of group categories whose column proportions do not differ significantly from each other at the .05 level after bonferroni adjusted post hoc analysis (ie. a does not significantly differ from a; a,b does not significantly differ from a or b).
ASA – American Society of Anesthesiologists classification.
PACU – Post anesthesia care unit.
PONV – Postoperative nausea and vomiting.
NRS – Numeric rating scale (0–10).
LOS – Length of stay.
OMME – Oral morphine milligram equivalents.
OR – Operating room.