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PLS-DA score plots in positive (A) and negative (C) ion modes between PCa and BPH groups. PLS-DA permutation test plots in positive (B) and negative (D) ion modes between PCa and BPH groups. The criterion for evaluating whether there is overfitting in the PLS-DA model is that the regression line at a blue Q2 point crosses or is less than 0 from the abscissa. PLS-DA, partial least squares discriminant analysis; PCa, prostate cancer; BPH, benign prostatic hyperplasia.
