Table 1.
Baseline demographic, clinical, and laboratory characteristics of patients with asymptomatic COVID-19 and patients with moderate COVID-19.
| Variables | Asymptomatic COVID-19 (n = 15) | Moderate COVID-19 (n = 57) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics and clinical characteristics | |||
| Age (years), mean ± SD | 36.33 ± 19.54 | 46.05 ± 15.55 | 0.045* |
| Male, n (%) | 5 (33.3) | 29 (50.88) | 0.226 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 1 (6.67) | 7 (12.28) | 1.000 |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 1 (6.67) | 3 (5.26) | 1.000 |
| Heart disease, n (%) | 1 (6.67) | 0 (0.00) | 0.208 |
| Smoking, n (%) | 2 (13.33) | 5 (8.77) | 0.630 |
| History of chronic drinking, n (%) | 0 (0.00) | 4 (7.02) | 0.573 |
| History of residence in or travel to Wuhan, n (%) | 5 (33.33) | 25 (43.86) | 0.462 |
| Laboratory tests | |||
| FAM channel (Ct value), median (IQR) | 27.00 (25.00-34.00) | 31.00 (24.50-34.00) | 0.656 |
| CD3+ T cells (cell/μl), mean ± SD | 1375.73 ± 672.84 | 1031.65 ± 386.13 | 0.075 |
| CD4+ T cells (cell/μl), mean ± SD | 697.93 ± 387.96 | 570.11 ± 230.97 | 0.239 |
| CD8+ T cells (cell/μl), median (IQR) | 479.00 (315.00-699.00) | 319.00 (222.50-520.00) | 0.017* |
| Th/Ts (CD4+/CD8+), mean ± SD | 1.36 ± 0.67 | 1.71 ± 0.85 | 0.140 |
| CD45+ lymphocyte count (cell/μl), mean ± SD | 1972.67 ± 876.62 | 1492.84 ± 527.54 | 0.059 |
| ESR (mm/h), median (IQR) | 7.00 (5.00-9.00) | 10.00 (5.50-25.00) | 0.162 |
| PCT (ng/ml), median (IQR) | 0.017 (0.012-0.078) | 0.020 (0.014-0.054) | 0.546 |
| CRP (mg/L), median (IQR) | 0.87 (0.29-2.96) | 7.90 (2.02-21.90) | 0.001* |
| WBC (109/L), median (IQR) | 5.63 (5.04-6.61) | 4.32 (3.72-4.82) | <0.001* |
| NEU (109/L), median (IQR) | 3.17 (2.45-4.08) | 2.53 (2.08-2.90) | 0.036* |
| LYM (109/L), mean ± SD | 1.82 ± 0.69 | 1.27 ± 0.44 | 0.009* |
| EOS (109/L), median (IQR) | 0.05 (0.01-0.15) | 0.02 (0.00-0.05) | 0.036* |
| BAS (109/L), median (IQR) | 0.01 (0.01-0.02) | 0.005 (0.01-0.02) | 0.032* |
| MONO (109/L), mean ± SD | 0.42 ± 0.16 | 0.37 ± 0.12 | 0.148 |
| HGB (g/L), mean ± SD | 132.13 ± 16.92 | 135.11 ± 16.03 | 0.530 |
| PLT (109/L), mean ± SD | 224.33 ± 68.36 | 180.93 ± 53.99 | 0.011* |
| TBIL (μmol/L), median (IQR) | 10.60 (7.60-13.40) | 11.90 (9.15-15.35) | 0.450 |
| ALT (U/L), median (IQR) | 14.70 (11.30-25.70) | 20.40 (14.45-30.00) | 0.197 |
| AST (IU/L), median (IQR) | 20.60 (16.50-21.70) | 21.80 (18.45-29.60) | 0.140 |
| M-AST isoenzyme (U/L), median (IQR) | 2.40 (2.20-2.90) | 2.50 (1.60-3.25) | 0.803 |
| CHE (U/L), mean ± SD | 8121.47 ± 1727.04 | 7435.54 ± 1784.68 | 0.187 |
| LDH (IU/L), median (IQR) | 191.00 (175.00-256.00) | 213.00 (184.50-265.50) | 0.247 |
| ALP (IU/L), median (IQR) | 67.30 (57.50-84.10) | 67.10 (55.75-80.55) | 0.895 |
| TBA (μmol/L), median (IQR) | 3.60 (2.70-5.60) | 5.30 (2.85-7.35) | 0.289 |
| RBP (mg/L), median (IQR) | 21.00 (18.70-31.90) | 20.30 (16.40-24.85) | 0.172 |
| ALB (g/L), mean ± SD | 45.38 ± 2.39 | 44.23 ± 3.54 | 0.240 |
| UA (μmol/L), mean ± SD | 220.07 ± 85.88 | 231.63 ± 72.63 | 0.599 |
| LA (mmol/L), median (IQR) | 2.86 (2.50-3.21) | 2.95 (2.61-3.21) | 0.632 |
| GLU (mmol/L), median (IQR) | 4.59 (4.20-5.05) | 4.61 (4.19-5.15) | 0.682 |
| BUN (mmol/L), mean ± SD | 3.46 ± 1.05 | 3.33 ± 0.87 | 0.615 |
| CRE (μmol/L), median (IQR) | 47.00 (41.00-79.00) | 61.00 (48.00-70.00) | 0.282 |
| Serum potassium (mmol/L), mean ± SD | 3.99 ± 0.50 | 3.82 ± 0.40 | 0.161 |
| Serum Sodium (mmol/L), median (IQR) | 140.20 (139.20-141.10) | 139.10 (136.80-141.00) | 0.092 |
| Serum calcium (mmol/L), mean ± SD | 2.23 ± 0.13 | 2.17 ± 0.13 | 0.101 |
| Serum magnesium (mmol/L), mean ± SD | 0.93 ± 0.12 | 0.92 ± 0.13 | 0.847 |
| Serum iron (μmol/L), median (IQR) | 14.70 (10.60-22.70) | 10.90 (7.65-15.90) | 0.049* |
| MAO (U/L), mean ± SD | 4.11 ± 1.25 | 4.47 ± 1.57 | 0.413 |
| AFU (U/L), mean ± SD | 24.40 ± 6.52 | 23.00 ± 5.80 | 0.420 |
| ADA (U/L), median (IQR) | 6.00 (5.00-9.00) | 7.00 (6.00-9.00) | 0.186 |
| CPK (U/L), median (IQR) | 56.00 (41.00-75.00) | 57.00 (41.00-97.00) | 0.835 |
| IMA (U/mL), median (IQR) | 67.00 (64.00-76.00) | 72.00 (66.50-78.50) | 0.163 |
| FIB (g/L), median (IQR) | 2.42 (2.12-2.92) | 2.97 (2.38-3.63) | 0.084 |
| APTT (second), median (IQR) | 27.70 (25.40-32.30) | 31.10 (28.80-35.15) | 0.079 |
*P < 0.05. P values were calculated by an independent samples t-test, the Mann-Whitney U test, the χ2 test, or Fisher’s exact test, as appropriate. ADA, adenosine deaminase; AFU, α-L-fucosidase; ALB, albumin; ALP, alkaline phosphatase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; APTT, activated partial prothrombin time; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; BAS, basophils; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; CHE, cholinesterase; COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; CPK, creatine phosphokinase; CRE, creatinine; CRP, C-reactive protein; Ct, cycle threshold; EOS, eosinophil; ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate; FAM, open reading frame 1ab (ORF1ab) region; FIB, fibrinogen; GLU, glucose; HGB, hemoglobin; IMA, ischemia-modified albumin; IQR, interquartile range; LA, lactic acid; LDH, lactic dehydrogenase; LYM, lymphocyte; MAO, monoamine oxidase; MONO, monocyte; NEU, neutrophil; PCT, procalcitonin; PLT, platelet; RBP, retinol binding protein; SD, standard deviation; TBA, total bile acid; TBIL, total bilirubin; Th/Ts, T helper/T suppressor cell ratio; UA, uric acid; WBC, white blood cell.