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. 2021 Oct 15;12:725129. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.725129

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Copyright © 2021 Ndungo, Andronescu, Buchwald, Lemme-Dumit, Mawindo, Kapoor, Fairman, Laufer and Pasetti

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Comparative analysis of Shigella antigen-specific and functional antibody titers in the mother-infant dyad in relation to clinical protective thresholds. IpaB- and S. flexneri 2a LPS-specific (A) and S. flexneri 2a functional (B) serum antibody titers measured pre-challenge in North American volunteers (black squares, protected) that remained healthy or had mild disease after wild-type S. flexneri 2a infection and in Malawi maternal (M) or cord blood (CB) sera. Symbols represent individual titers. Differences between groups were determined by paired t-test; P > 0.05, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001.