Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of included observational studies.
| Included studies | Location | Data source | Comparisons | Sample size (n)* | Age (y)* | Female (%)* | Follow-up (months)* | Outcomes in the analysis | PS methods |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mitsuntisuk et al. (15) | Thailand | REAL-T AF trial, 01/2012–04/2018; age≥18 years; retrospective | DA vs. WAR RIV vs. WAR API vs. WAR |
405/605 441/605 604/605 |
71.63/68.40 | 48.21/50.25 | 26.44/33.84 | SSE, MB, IS, all-cause death, ICH, GIB | IPTW |
| Nielsen et al. (16) | Denmark | Three Danish nationwide databases, 08/2011–02/2016; retrospective | DA vs. WAR RIV vs. WAR API vs. WAR |
4400/38893 8875/38893 3476/38893 |
80.54/71.00 | 55.41/40.40 | 27.60 | SSE, MB, IS, all-cause death | IPTW |
| Larsen et al. (17) | Denmark | Three Danish nationwide database, 08/2011–10/2015; retrospective | DA vs. WAR RIV vs. WAR API vs. WAR |
6349/35436 12701/35436 7192/35436 |
69.65/72.40 | 37.82/41.20 | 22.80 | SSE, MB, IS, all cause-death, ICH | IPTW |
| Kohsaka et al. (18) | Japan | MDV, 03/2011–07/2018, retrospective | DA vs. WAR RIV vs. WAR API vs. WAR EDO vs. WAR |
22752/19059 8003/19059 12592/19059 17481/19059 |
76.08/76.10 | 38.74/38.80 | 24.00 | SSE, MB, IS, ICH, GIB | IPTW |
| Lee et al. (19) | Korea | Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment database, 01/2015–12/2017, retrospective | DA vs. WAR RIV vs. WAR API vs. WAR EDO vs. WAR |
35965/25420 17745/25420 22177/25420 15496/25420 |
70.93/71.20 | 44.36/45.50 | - | MB, IS, ICH, GIB | IPTW |
| Cha et al. (20) | Korea | NHIS, 01/2014–12/2015, retrospective | DA vs. WAR RIV vs. WAR API vs. WAR |
5681/23222 3741/23222 2189/23222 |
70.08/68.82 | 45.27/43.10 | 5.97/18.12 | IS, all-cause death, ICH | PSM |
| Bang et al. (21) | Korea | Korea's nationwide health insurance claims database, 01/2015–11/2016, retrospective | DA vs. WAR RIV vs. WAR API vs. WAR |
- | - | - | - | SSE, MB, ICH, GIB | IPTW |
| Chan.et al. (22) | Taiwan | Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database, 06/2012–12/2017, retrospective | DA vs. WAR RIV vs. WAR API vs. WAR EDO vs. WAR |
4577/19761 9952/19761 33022/19761 22371/19761 |
74.7/74.6 74.8/74.6 74.7/74.6 74.7/74.6 |
42.8/43.3 42.4/43.3 42.5/43.3 42.6/43.3 |
16 | SSE, MB, IS, ICH, GIB | IPTW |
| Laliberte et al. (23) | USA | SHS Patient Transactional Datasets, 05/2011–07/2012, retrospective | RIV vs. WAR | 3654/14616 | 73.30/73.70 | 51.00/51.50 | 2.77/3.77 | SSE, MB, IS, ICH, GIB | PSM |
| Wanat et al. (24) | USA | GE Centricity EMR database, 01/2012–12/2016, retrospective | API vs. WAR | 10189/10189 | 72.10/72.20 | 46.90/46.60 | 12.00 | SSE | PSM |
| Gupta et al. (25) | USA | DOD, 01/01/2013–30/09/2015, retrospective | DA vs. WAR RIVvs. WAR API vs. WAR |
3691/3691 8226/8226 7607/7607 |
76.03/76.07 | 41.31/41.20 | 5.60/5.03 | SSE, MB, IS, ICH, GIB | PSM |
| Villines et al. (26) | USA | DOD, 10/2009–07/2012, retrospective | DA vs. WAR | 12793/12793 | 73.80/74.00 | 41.20/41.10 | 9.91/7.24 | MB, IS, all-cause death, ICH, GIB | PSM |
| Russo-Alvarez et al. (27) | USA | CCHS, 01/2012–07/2016, retrospective | RIV vs. WAR | 472/472 | 73.60/73.60 | 38.80/36.40 | - | MB | PSM |
| Adeboyeje et al. (28) | USA | HIRE, 11/2010–02/2015, retrospective | DA vs. WAR RIVvs. WAR API vs. WAR |
8539/23431 3689/23431 8398/23431 |
70.00/70.00 | 41.07/40.90 | 6.05/9.50 | MB, ICH, GIB | IPTW |
| Chang et al. (29) | USA | IMS Health LifeLink Health Plan Claims Database, 10/2010–03/2012, retrospective | DA vs. WAR RIV vs. WAR |
4907/39607 1649/39607 |
60.89/57.40 | 36.08/46.90 | 1.95/1.57 | GIB | PSM |
| Lip et al. (3) | USA | US Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services Medicare data and 4 commercial claims database, 01/01/2013–30/09/2015retrospective | DA vs. WAR RIV vs. WAR API vs. WAR |
100977/100977 36990/36990 125068/125068 |
75.45/75.48 | 47.11/47.00 | 4.51/5.27 | SSE, MB, IS, ICH, GIB | PSM |
| Hernandez et al. (30) | USA | CMS, 10/2010–10/2011, retrospective | DA vs. WAR | 1302/8102 | 75.10/75.60 | 57.90/59.00 | 5.90/7.60 | MB, ICH, GIB | IPTW |
| Huybrechts et al. (31) | USA | MarketScan and Optum, 10/2010–09/2015, prospective | DA vs. WAR RIV vs. WAR API vs. WAR |
29448/29448 35520/35520 19588/19588 |
69.88/69.78 | 38.95/38.42 | - | SSE, MB, IS, all-cause death, ICH, GIB | PSM |
| Bradley et al. (7) | USA | SDD, 12/2012–06/2018, age≥21 years, retrospective | API vs. WAR | 55038/55030 | 71.30/71.30 | 39.30/39.20 | - | IS, ICH, GIB | PSM |
| Go et al. (32) | USA | SDD, 11/2010–05/2014, age≥21 years, retrospective | DA vs. WAR | 25289/25289 | 68.48.68.34 | 36.10/35.70 | 4.10/3.40 | IS, ICH, GIB | PSM |
*
Data after PSM or IPTW.
MDV, Medical Data Vision Co Ltd; NHIS, Korean National Health Insurance Service database; SHS, Symphony Health Solutions' (SHS) Patient Transactional Datasets; DOD, US Department of Defense; CCHS, Cleveland Clinic Health System; HIRE, HealthCore Integrated Research Environment; CMS, Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services; SDD, the Sentinel Distributed Database;DA, dabigatran; RIV, rivaroxaban; API, apixaban; EDO, edoxaban; WAR, warfarin; SSE, stroke or systemic embolism; MB, major bleeding; IS, ischemic stroke; ICH, intracranial hemorrhage; GIB, gastrointestinal bleeding; PS, Propensity Score; PSM, propensity score matching; IPTW, inverse probability of treatment weighting; NA, diagnostic not available; SD, standardized difference.