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. 2021 Oct 15;12:760599. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2021.760599

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Copyright © 2021 Wang, Liu, Chen, Zeng, Lu, Yang, Wang, Zhang, Nie, Xiao, Zhang and Sun.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Mechanisms for the patterns of (A) low ecosystem multifunctionality and (B) high ecosystem multifunctionality. Structure equation model examining the standard total effects of climate, productivity, community functions, soil properties, and soil microbial factors on EMF. Given are the standardized total path coefficients. Gray arrows represent significantly paths (p<0.05). Black arrows pointing up or down in double-layer rectangles represent the positive or negative relationships between the observed variables and potential variables.

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