Table 2.

Within-group and between-group comparisons concerning the mean scores of state, trait, and total anxiety

Anxiety	Time Group	T1	T2	T3	p value^	p value†
						T1-T2	T1-T3	T2-T3
State	Saffron	61.53±13.86	44.93±7.97	32.07±9.26	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
	Lippia	50.07±8.09	49.90±6.67	48.63±5.89	0.47	0/47	0/47	0/47
	Saffron-lippia	46.20±14.99	44.33±1395	44.77±12.34	0.61	0/61	0/61	0/61
	Placebo	49.90±13.11	46.20±15.69	50.50±14.04	0.14	0/14	0/61	0/61
	p value*	<0.001	0.26	<0.001	—	—	—	—
Trait	Saffron	61.10±11.42	43.97±7.05	33.13±10.53	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
	Lippia	51.53±8.51	50.07±7.28	50.50±6.39	0.60	0/60	0/60	0/60
	Saffron-lippia	50.43±10.95	46.87±12.54	45.43±11.70	0.05	0/09	0.02	0/25
	Placebo	47.80±13.84	47.30±14.76	51.63±12.49	0.10	0/10	0/10	0/10
	p value*	<0.001	0.20	<0.001	—	—	—	—
Total	Saffron	122.63±24.77	88.90±14.40	65.20±19.17	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
	Lippia	101.60±15.54	99.97±12.87	99.13±11.42	0.59	0/59	0/59	0/59
	Saffron-lippia	96.63±24.56	91.20±24.61	90.20±22.75	0.12	0/12	0/12	0/12
	Placebo	97.70±25.89	93.50±30.02	102.13±26.13	0.13	0/13	0/12	0/12
	p value*	<0.001	0.23	<0.001	—	—	—	—

Data were presented as mean±SD. *: The one-way ANOVA; ^: The repeated measures ANOVA; †: The Bonferroni’s post hoc test; T1: Before the intervention; T2: Thirty minutes after the intervention; T3: Three hours after the intervention