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. 2021 Oct 15;12:740548. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.740548

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Schematic representation of how DAMP-containing EVs operate upon cellular stress. The localization of DAMPs can be internally or on the surface of EVs. Upon contact with target cells, the TLR pathway may be activated by DAMPs via the surface or endosomal route and subsequently trigger inflammation.