Table 5.
Treatments and outcomes of diabetic survivors and non-survivors with coronavirus disease 2019
|
|
Total (n = 191)
|
Survivors (n = 165)
|
Non-survivors (n = 26)
|
P
value
|
| Treatments | ||||
| Antiviral therapy | 170 (89.0) | 149 (90.3) | 21 (80.8) | 0.268 |
| Antibiotic therapy | 160 (83.8) | 139 (84.2) | 21 (80.8) | 0.873 |
| Systemic glucocorticoids | 74 (38.7) | 55 (33.3) | 19 (73.1) | < 0.001 |
| Intravenous immunoglobulin | 60 (31.4) | 50 (30.3) | 10 (38.5) | 0.405 |
| Renal replacement therapy | 1 (0.5) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (3.8) | 0.136 |
| Insulin | 88 (46.1) | 75 (45.5) | 13 (50.0) | 0.666 |
| Metformin | 54 (28.3) | 51 (30.9) | 3 (11.5) | 0.041 |
| Sulfonylurea | 37 (19.4) | 36 (21.8) | 1 (3.8) | 0.031 |
| DPP-4 inhibitor | 11 (5.8) | 10 (6.1) | 1 (3.8) | 1.000 |
| Acarbose | 77 (40.3) | 75 (45.5) | 2 (7.7) | < 0.001 |
| Thiazolidinedione | 7 (3.7) | 7 (4.2) | 0 (0.0) | 0.596 |
| Oxygen support | ||||
| Oxygenation | 115 (60.2) | 95 (57.6) | 20 (76.9) | 0.061 |
| Mechanical ventilation | 35 (18.3) | 15 (9.1) | 20 (76.9) | < 0.001 |
| Illness severity | ||||
| Severe | 63 (33.0) | 37 (33.7) | 26 (100) | < 0.001 |
| Complications | ||||
| ARDS | 21 (11.0) | 5 (3.0) | 16 (61.5) | < 0.001 |
| ACI | 16 (8.4) | 9 (5.5) | 7 (26.9) | 0.001 |
| AKI | 3 (1.6) | 1 (0.6) | 2 (7.7) | 0.049 |
| Secondary infection | 22 (11.5) | 10 (6.1) | 12 (46.2) | < 0.001 |
| Shock | 3 (1.6) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (11.5) | 0.002 |
| Hypoproteinemia < 30 g/L | 28 (14.7) | 22 (13.3) | 6 (23.1) | 0.314 |
| Coagulopathy | 36 (18.8) | 26 (15.8) | 10 (38.5) | 0.013 |
| Length of hospital stay, d | 16.0 (10.0-25.0) | 18.0 (11.5-26.0) | 7.0 (3.0-11.0) | < 0.001 |
| ICU admission | 22 (11.5) | 11 (6.7) | 11 (42.3) | < 0.001 |
| Duration from admission to ICU, d | 4.00 ± 3.51 | 3.91 ± 3.11 | 4.09 ± 4.01 | 0.907 |
Data are expressed as n (%), mean ± SD or median (IQR). P values were calculated by t Test, Mann-Whitney U test, χ2 test, Fisher’s exact test as appropriate. Comparing groups of diabetic survivors and non-survivors. ACI: Acute cardiac injury; AKI: Acute kidney injury; ARDS: Acute respiratory distress syndrome.