Table 4.
Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor plant
|
Plants
|
The compound under study
|
Results
|
Ref.
|
| Ammoides verticillata essential oil | Isothymol | SARS-CoV-2/ACE2 inhibition | Abdelli et al[183], 2021 |
| Allium sativum essential oil | Organosulfur compounds (99.4% of its essential oil) | SARS-CoV-2/ACE2 inhibition. Garlic essential oil can prevent protein maturation of the virus and the spread of infection | Thuy et al[184], 2020 |
| Apium graveolens | Apigenin | Kidneys of spontaneous hypertensive rats/Regulation in ACE2 expression | Sui et al[185], 2010 |
| Camellia sinensis | Black tea; Dark tea; Green tea; Oolong tea; White tea | ACE inhibition: Green < oolong < white < black < dark teas | Dong et al[186], 2011 |
| Citrus aurantium | Hesperetin. Scutellarin. Nicotianamine. Glycyrrhizin. Baicalin | SARS-CoV-2/Connecting to ACE2 and blocking the SARS-CoV-2 input | Chen and Du[187], 2020 |
| Erigeron breviscapus | |||
| Glycine max | |||
| Glycyrrhiza radix | |||
| Scutellaria baicalensis | |||
| Geranium and lemon essential oils | Citronellol and limonene | SARS-CoV-2/ACE2 inhibition | Senthil Kumar et al[188], 2020 |
| Ginseng Glycyrrhiza uralensis | Ginsenoside Rg6; Ginsenoside F1; Monoammonium glycyrrhizinate; Glycyrrhizic acid methyl ester | SARS-CoV-2/ACE2 kinase inhibition | Zi et al[189], 2020 |
| Glycine max (soybean) | Nicotianamine | ACE2 inhibition | Takahashi et al[190], 2015 |
| Glycyrrhiza glabra | Glycyrrhizic acid | SARS-CoV-2/Glycyrrhizic acid disrupts the connection of the virus with the ACE2 receptor at the entry level | Sinha et al[43], 2021 |
| Hibiscus sabdariffa anthocyanins | Delphinidin- and cyanidin-3-O-sambubiosides | ACE inhibition | Ojeda et al[191], 2010 |
| Linum usitatissimum (Flaxseed) | Secoisolariciresinol diglucoside | ACE inhibition | Prasad et al[192], 2013 |
| Melaleuca cajuputi essential oil | Components (70.9% of the oil) | SARS-CoV-2/ACE2 and PDB6LU7 proteins inhibition | My et al[193], 2020 |
| Nicotiana benthamiana | Recombinant ACE2-Fc fusion protein produced from N. benthamiana | SARS-CoV-2/Strong binding to the RBD of SARS-CoV-2 and inhibition | Siriwattananon et al[194], 2020 |
| Withania somnifera | Withanone | SARS-CoV-2/Docking to the connector interface of the AEC2-RBD complex | Balkrishna et al[51], 2020 |
ACE: Angiotensin-converting enzyme; RBD: Receptor binding domain; SARS-CoV-2: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; ACE2: Angiotensin-converting enzyme-2.