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Five strategies for pathogen detection. The different conditions of pathogen species detection in culture, other microbiological tests (BALF culture, qPCR, ELISA, GeneXpert MTB/RIF, antibody testing), other clinical tests (histology, clinical condition), and the Illumina and Nanopore platforms. Abbreviations: BALF, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid; ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; qPCR, quantitative polymerase chain reaction.
