TABLE 4.

The preclinic research of COPD over last decade

Year	Model	Animal	Cell source	Route	Outcome	References
2010	papain induced	rat	BM‐MSC	i.v	Protected pulmonary emphysema by secretion of reparative growth factors	77
2011	cigarette smoke induced	rat	BMC vs. BM‐MSC	i.v.	BMC better induced AT2 cells and pulmonary vascular endothelial cells proliferation; BM‐MSC and BMC both alleviate emphysema	200
2013	cigarette smoke induced	rat	BM‐MSC	i.t.	Down‐regulated COX2 and E‐2 by p38 and ERK MAP kinase activity inhibition in macrophages	74
2014	elastase or cigarette smoke induced	mice	BM‐MSC, AT‐MSC, LT‐MSC	i.v. i.t.	Decreased keratinocyte‐derived chemokine and TGF‐β levels in all sources, i.v. with better cardiovascular function and phenotype change from M1 to M2.	10
2015	elastase or cigarette smoke induced	mice	hAT‐MSC	i.v.	AT‐MSC decreased mean linear intercept and reduced caspase‐3 activity	257
2016	elastase induced	mice	hBM‐MSC	i.v.	Reduced fibrosis, reduced inflammation	258
2016	cigarette smoke induced	mice	hBM‐MSC, UCB‐MSC	i.v.	Reduced inflammation, increased regeneration	259
2017	cigarette smoke induced	mice	hBM‐MSC/Ipsc	i.v.	Reduced inflammation	260
2018	elastase induced	mice	LT‐MSC	i.t.	Activated HGF/c‐Met system, by promoting survival and proliferation of alveolar epithelial cells	261
2018	elastase induced	mice	BM‐MSC	i.t.	Attenuated pulmonary arterial hypertension	262
2019	elastase induced	mice	hWJ	i.v.	Promoted regenerative effect, pathomechanism not investigated	263
2019	overlap syndrome (OS)	rat	BM‐MSC	i.v.	Inhibited emphysema progression by differentiating into endotheliocytes, suppressing the apoptosis of endotheliocytes and oxidative stress	264