Table 2.
Recurrence characteristics
|
Ref.
|
Pts, n (%)
|
No. of recurrence
|
Pathology
|
RM status
|
Risk factor
|
Time to recurrence (months)
|
Type
|
Treatment
|
| Hompes et al[56], 2012 | 14 | 1 | TVA | + | Absence | 6 | L | Refuse treatment |
| Ragupathi et al[59], 2012 | 20 | 1 | VA | - | Absence | 7 | L | Re-TAMIS |
| Albert et al[30], 2013 | 50 | 1 | VA | + | Absence | 18 | L | Re-TAMIS |
| 1 | T1 sm3 adenocarcinoma | - | LVI, DI | 6 | L | Re-TAMIS | ||
| Schiphorst et al[53], 2014 | 37 | 1 | Tis | - | Absence | 9 | L | Re-TAMIS |
| 1 | Adenoma | + | Absence | 8 | L | Re-TAMIS | ||
| Gill et al[62], 2015 | 32 | 2 | FAP; sigmoid colon cancer | ND | Absence | NA | Non-local recurrent disease | NA |
| Quaresima et al[63], 2016 | 31 | 1 | Adenoma | + | Absence | 18 | L | Colonoscopic resection |
| Keller et al[35], 2016 | 75 | 1 | T1 adenocarcinoma | - | DI | 9 | L | APR |
| 3 | Adenoma | - | NA | NA | L | Re-TAMIS | ||
| 1 | Adenoma | - | NA | NA | L | Closed surveillance | ||
| Sumrien et al[43], 2016 | 28 | 1 | Adenoma | - | NA | NA | L | Endoscopic snaring |
| 1 | Rectal cancer | NA | NA | NA | L | NA | ||
| 1 | Rectal cancer | NA | NA | 11 | L | Palliative radiotherapy | ||
| 1 | Unresectable rectal cancer | + | Palliative debulking | NA | L | Required further endoscopic resection | ||
| Melin et al[64], 2016 | 29 | 1 | Adenoma | + | Absence | NA | L | Re-TAMIS |
| 1 | T1 adenocarcinoma | - | DI | 10 | L | APR, neoadjuvant CRT | ||
| Mege et al[65], 2017 | 33 | 1 | Rectal cancer | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Lee et al[24], 2018 | 200 | 1 | TVA | + | Absence | 17.6 | L | Re-TAMIS (index operation) |
| 2 | Adenoma | + | Absence | NA | L | Re-TAMIS | ||
| 1 | Tis carcinoma in situ | - | Absence | 15 | Re-TAMIS | |||
| 1 | Tis carcinoma in situ | - | Absence | 11 | Re-TAMIS | |||
| 1 | T1 adenocarcinoma | - | Absence | 17.5 | L, D (lung) | Re-TAMIS, chemoradiation | ||
| 1 | T1 adenocarcinoma | - | PD | 6.8 | D (lung) | Chemotherapy | ||
| 1 | T2 adenocarcinoma | - | DI | 10.8 | Definitive chemoradiation | |||
| 1 | T2 adenocarcinoma | - | DI | 28.9 | Robotic LAR | |||
| 1 | T3 adenocarcinoma | - | DI | 2.1 | D (lung) | Refuse treatment | ||
| 1 | T2 adenocarcinoma | - | DI | 12 | L, D | Refuse treatment | ||
| García-Flórez et al[66], 2017 | 32 | 1 | T3 adenocarcinoma | - | DI | 12 | L | Radical surgery |
| 1 | T2 adenocarcinoma | - | DI | 8 | L | Radical surgery | ||
| 1 | Adenoma | - | NA | NA | L | NA | ||
| Caycedo-Marulanda et al[44], 2017 | 50 | 1 | Adenoma | NA | NA | 13 | L | Re-TAMIS |
| 1 | NA | NA | NA | 35 | L (presacral mass), D (multiple liver) | Palliative chemotherapy | ||
| 1 | T2 adenocarcinoma | + | DI | 16 | L | Re-TAMIS, palliative chemotherapy | ||
| 1 | T2 adenocarcinoma | NA | DI | NA | L | APR | ||
| Clermonts et al[67], 2017 | 42 | 1 | T1 adenocarcinoma | - | NA | 9 | L | Re-TAMIS |
| Lee et al[68], 2017 | 35 | 1 | T1 adenocarcinoma | NA | NA | 3 | L (TAMIS site) | Hartmann`s operation |
| 1 | T2 adenocarcinoma | NA | DI | 40 | L (perirectal LN) | Mass excision, chemotherapy | ||
| 1 | T2 adenocarcinoma | NA | DI | 16 | L (perirectal LN), D (liver) | Chemotherapy | ||
| 1 | T2 adenocarcinoma | NA | DI | 37 | D (lung) | Chemotherapy | ||
| 1 | T0 adenocarcinoma | NA | NA | 4 | D (lung) | Wedge resection, chemotherapy | ||
| Westrich et al[72], 2019 | 38 | 4 | Adenoma | 26 | L | re-TAMIS | ||
| 1 | T1 adenocarcinoma | Closed RM (1 mm) | NA | 9 | L | APR | ||
| 1 | T1 adenocarcinoma | - | PNI | 24 | L, D | Adjuvant radiotherapy, chemotherapy | ||
| 1 | T3 adenocarcinoma | - | DI | 10 | L | Adjuvant radiotherapy | ||
| 2 | NA | NA | NA | NA | D |
RM: Resection margin; TVA: Tubulovillous adenoma; VA: Villous adenoma; FAP: Familial adenomatous polyposis; LVI: Lymphovascular invasion; TAMIS: Transanal minimally invasive surgery; PD: Poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma; DI: Deep invasion; APR: Abdominoperineal resection; CRT: Chemoradiotherapy; PNI: Perineural invasion; L: Local recurrence; D: Distant metastasis; LN: Lymph node; NA: Not available.