Table 3.
Postoperative Complications and it’s treatment
|
Ref.
|
Pts, n (%)
|
Complications, n (%)
|
Type of complications, n (%)
|
Reoperation
|
Re-admission
|
Conversion
|
Treatment of PPC
|
| Van den Boezem et al[55], 2011 | 12 | 1 | Bleeding (1) | 0 | 0 | TAE (2) | 0 |
| Hompes et al[32], 2014 | 14 | 2 | Fever (1); Bleeding (1) | Positive for deep margin (1) | 0 | CAD fail (1); TEM assist (1) | 0 |
| Barendse et al[57], 2012 | 15 | 2 | Pneumoscrotum (1); Hemorrhage (1) | 0 | Bleeding (1) | TEM (2) | 0 |
| Ragupathi et al[59], 2012 | 20 | 1 | Abscess (1) | Inadequate surgical margin within 1mm (2) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Albert et al[30], 2013 | 50 | 4 | Bleeding (1); Scrotal emphysema (1); PPC (1); COPD exacerbation (1) | 0 | Bleeding (1) | 0 | TAMIS repair (1) |
| Sevá-Pereira et al[61], 2014 | 5 | 1 | Partial dehiscence of the suture line (1) | 0 | L-LAR (1) | ||
| McLemore et al[27], 2014 | 32 | 8 | FI (3); UTI (1); CD diarrhea (1); Afib (1); Rectal stenosis (1); Bleeding (1) | 0 | Bleeding (1) | TAE (1) | 0 |
| Schiphorst et al[53], 2014 | 37 | 6 | Rectal perforation (2); Heamorrhage (2); Abscess (1); Rectal stricture (1) | Pelvic abscess (1) | Bleeding (3); Pelvic abscess (1) | L-AR (1) | L-AR (1). Pelvic abscess drainage (1) |
| Lee and Lee[28], 2014 | 25 | 1 | POUR (1) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Hahnloser et al[33], 2015 | 75 | 21 | Local infection (6); Postoperative bleeding (5); Intraoperative bleeding (3); Penetrate peritoneal cavity (3); Pneumoscrotum (3); UTI (2); POUR (2) | Rectal perforation (1) | NA | TAMIS + LR (2), Open laparotomy (1) | TAMIS + LR (2), Open laparotomy (1) |
| Gill et al[62], 2015 | 32 | 16 | Bleeding (4); Diarrhea (4); POUR (3); Perianal pain (2); Ulceration (4); Hypovolemia (1); Rectal abscess (1); Aspiration pneumonia (1); FI (1) | Rectal perforation (1) | Aspiration penumoia (1); Rectal abcess (1) | TEM (1) | 0 |
| Quaresima et al[63], 2016 | 31 | 8 | Penetrate peritoneal cavity (5); UTI (1); Subcutaneous emphysema (1); Hemorrhoidal thrombosis (1) | 0 | 0 | TAE (4) | TAMIS repair (4); TAE (1) |
| Keller et al[35], 2016 | 75 | 3 | Bleeding (1); Rectal stricture (1); Rectovaginal fistula (1) | 0 | Rectal bleeding (1) | TAMIS + LR (2), DS (1), Diagnostic laparoscopy (1) | TAMIS + LR (1); TAMIS + DS (1) |
| Sumrien et al[43], 2016 | 28 | 10 | POUR (6); Bleeding (1); PPC (1); Stricture (1); Fever (1) | Bleeding (1) | Rectal bleeding (1) | L-AR (2), O-AR (1), Endoscopic debulking (1) | TAMIS repair (1) |
| Verseveld et al[52], 2016 | 24 | 2 | Bleeding (2) | Re-bleeding (1) | 1 | 0 | NA |
| Melin et al[64], 2016 | 29 | 3 | Bleeding (1); POUR (1); PPC (1) | Bleeding (1), Resudual rectal polyp (1) | 0 | 0 | TAMIS repair (1) |
| Mege et al[65], 2017 | 33 | 4 | NA | NA | NA | NA | 2 |
| Lee et al[24], 2018 | 200 | 31 | Intraoperative complications (8); Bleeding (9); POUR (4); Scrotal or subcutaneous emphysema (3) Mild fecal incontinence (2); Self-limiting fever (2); Perianal pain (2); Perirectal inflammation (1); DVT (1); Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (1); Rectovaginal fistula (1); UTI (1); Non-healing rectal wound (1) | DS for nonhealing wound (1) | Nonhealing rectal wound (1); Perirectal inflammation (1), Rectovaginal fistula (1) | TAMIS + LR (4) | TAMIS repair (4); TAMIS + LR (4) |
| García-Flórez et al[66], 2017 | 32 | 13 | Fever (3); Hematuria (3); Rectal bleeding (3); PPC (2); Purulent peritonitis (1); Stenosis (1) | 1 | 1 | 0 | Transanal repair (2) |
| Caycedo-Marulanda et al[44], 2017 | 50 | 13 | Bleeding (4); UTI (1); Suture line leak (1); POUR (1); PPC (5); Anal structure (1) | Penetrate peritoneal cavity (1) | Bleeding (4) | Hybrid (3) | Transanal repair (5) |
| Clermonts et al[67], 2017 | 42 | 6 | Hemorrhage (4); Abscess (1); Rectal stricture (1) | Pelvic abscess (1) | 4 | 0 | 0 |
| Lee et al[42], 2017 | 181 | 16 | Bleeding (4); Local infection (6); POUR (2); Complication requiring operation (2) | 2 | NA | LR (2); DS (1) | TAMIS repair (4), LR (2) |
| Lee et al[68], 2017 | 35 | 1 | Suture line dehiscence (1) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Clermonts et al[67], 2017 | 37 | 4 | Bleeding (3); Abscess (1) | Pelvic abscess (1) | 4 | 0 | 0 |
| Llano et al[71], 2019 | 27 | 6 | PPC (2); Rectal bleeding (1); POUR (1); Advanced cancer (1); Stenosis (1) | 0 | 0 | LR (1) | TAMIS repair (1); LR (1) |
| Westrich et al[72], 2019 | 38 | 8 | Fever (4); Bleeding (2); PPC (1); Major complication (1) | Rectal perforation (1) | Rectal perforation (2), bleeding (2) | 0 | TAMIS repair (1) |
| Van den Eynde et al[73], 2019 | 68 | 19 | Bleeding (1); Complications ≥ grade 3 (1) | Bleeding (5) | 3 | NA | NA |
| Lee et al[17], 2019 | 21 | 2 | POUR (1); PPC (1) | 0 | 0 | LR (1) | LR (1) |
| Abutaka et al[74], 2020 | 17 | 3 | Bleeding (1); PPC (2) | 0 | 0 | LR (1) | TAMIS repair (1); LR (1) |
| Kang et al[45], 2020 | 30 | 4 | Diarrhea (2); FI (1); Fluid collection (1) | 0 | 0 | TAE (2) | 0 |
| Goldenshluger et al[50], 2020 | 23 | 3 | Bleeding (1); Fever (1) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
TAMIS: Transanal minimally invasive surgery; Afib: Atrial fibrillation; FI:Fecal incontinence; UTI: Urinary tract infection; DVT: Deep vein thrombosis; CD: Clostrium difficle; COPD: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; POUR: Postoperative urinary retention; PPC: Penetrate peritoneal cavity; -: Not available; LR: Laparoscopic repair; DS: Diverting stoma; TAE: Conventional transanal excision; L-AR: Laparoscopic anterior resection; O-AR: Open anterior resection.